The sedimentary depressions indicated in the isopachal map of the Uonuma stage of the Niigata Cenozoic deposits, excepting a certain part of them, run generally in parallel with the course of R. Shiano in Niigata Prefecture. From this point, it can be said that the origination of this river is mostly related with the main sinking belt which is shown as the sedimentary depressions in the Uonuma stage, and the subsequent changes in its course are not extricated from the sinking belt.
Though the depressions between Matto and Yoita are situated far from the present course of the R. Shinano, its course seems to be transfered by reason of the piracy of the R. Uono or the sinking of the post-Uonuma stage.
The Uonuma group presumably belonging to the Pleistocene is generally unconformable to the underlying formations and it differs not only in fossil contents and sedimentary facies but also in translocations and arrangements of the sedimentary basins and troughs from those of the Haizume and the Nishiyama stages. The amount of deposits, exclusive of the Uonuma basin, also decreased as a whole in comparison with the previous stages.
The facts just described indicate a considerable upheaval of the land of the Uonuma stage, but the present water-molded course of the R. Shinano did not originate from the erosion of the peneplain or the flat plane newly formed by the upheaval of the sea bottom.
It is clearly related with the sinking belt of the Uonuma stage.
The trend of the belt intersects those of the previous stages, such as Haizume, Nishiyama and Teradomari, so the course of the R. Shinano is different from those of the previous sinking belts.
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