Satisficing refers to the form of responses made with the least information load to retrieve or integrate information, or responses made with no information retrieval or integration at all. This paper examined respondents' satisficing in online surveys measuring the effectiveness of disaster information. In Study 1 (N=104), respondents were provided information regarding the effects of obligated fire alarm systems, after which they completed a questionnaire on perceived risks and preparedness intentions for disasters. Subsequently, their recognition of the information provided was assessed. The results revealed that respondents did not recognize the information well, suggesting that they satisficed to a considerable degree. This finding implies that decisions made based on the results of online surveys may be biased owing to respondents' satisficing. In Study 2 (N=300), respondents' recognition of information regarding earthquake disaster mitigations was assessed immediately after provision of the information. Though there was no intervention between the provision of information and the recognition test, the scores on the latter were insufficient. The results also suggested that a large number of respondents did not comprehend even the outline of the information provided. Finally, the influences of satisficing in determining the external validity of data collection methods were discussed.

When a downpour with a scale seen only once every few years has been observed or analyzed in the last hour, the Japan Meteorological Agency announces Bulletins on exceptionally heavy downpours, has begun from 1983. But there is nothing investigated the history of Bulletins on exceptionally heavy downpours, and a rate of occurrence of the disaster.

We researched the history of Bulletins on exceptionally heavy downpours, and a rate of occurrence of a disaster every municipalities. As a result, flood disaster or sediment disaster occurred by 61.6% in the municipalities where Bulletin on exceptionally heavy downpours was announced. This is the high accident occurrence rate. We consider the Bulletins on exceptionally heavy downpours plays the fixed role as disaster information.

Once disaster occurs, Emergency Operation Center is established and it is required to implement disaster response effectively for victims. Practitioners should share current information to grasp the overall of damages and status of response in chronological order. It is crucial for practitioners to have situational awareness, such as status of damage, victims, responses, human resources and physical resources by collecting current information effectively.

In recent years, social media has become established as communication tool, and efforts to utilize posted information after disaster are actively proceeding.

This study aims at supporting for sharing situational awareness for practitioners in disaster affected area by extracting useful information from posted information. We focused collecting information in disaster affected area immediately after disaster and utilized Twitter as complementary information to report information from citizens and reports from practitioners. We established information processing to give location to text information without location by utilizing spatial information such as address information and POI (Point of Interest). In a case study of Typhoon No. 15 on August 25, 2015, we were able to extract 45 information from 532,103.

We developed the mixed reality smartphone-application “Disaster Scope” that can immersive experience in order to improve the crisis awareness of disasters in peacetime. The application can superimpose the occurrence situation of disasters such as CG flood and smoke in the actual scenery, using smartphone and paper goggles. By using a smartphone equipped with a 3D depth sensor, it is possible to sense the height from the ground and recognize surrounding objects. As a result, it has become possible to more realistically the state of a low water level and a smoke charge in the room. We utilized this system in evacuation drills organized by schools and municipalities. As a result of the survey and verification, it is useful for improving crisis awareness. Moreover, operational issues were clarified.

We compared articles appearing in the regional Fukushima Minpo and national Yomiuri Shimbun in the one-week period from March 12th, 2011, applying Fairclough's critical discourse analysis to compare passive sentences in each newspaper.

It was apparent that more than 80% of passive sentence in the articles described Fukushima nuclear disaster as natural disaster. However, as a many of reader of Fukushima Minpo feel that we exist together with Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant, it may say that they are able to guess which organization has the responsibility to that accident. As Fukushima-Minpo tried to make a discourse space which allow to be various interpretation to their articles, it concludes that they made the pages which included comprehensive opinion and feel of people in Fukushima prefecture.

In the Great East Japan Earthquake of 2011, the problems of stranded people who have difficulty returning home occurred in the Sendai city and other local cities, as well as in Tokyo metropolitan area. As there is possibility of occurrence of similar problems in local cities after the Nankai-Trough Earthquake in near future, local governments should prepare for this problems in advance in order to be able to focus on the other emergency responses just after the disaster occurs. This study extracts the expected issues of and countermeasures for stranded people in local cities, based on the survey on the stranded people problems in the local cities affected by the Great East Japan Earthquake and the survey on the countermeasures for stranded people in the affected local cities or other local cities.

Consequently, the authors indicate that the local government should not accept stranded people in the designated shelters for local evacuees and should prepare other facilities for stranded people in the area near a station where a lot of stranded people will be expected. We also indicate that it is important for local governments along a Shinkansen line to recognize the possibility that passengers of a Shinkansen train will be stranded people if the Shinkansen trains stop by an earthquake. As examples of useful countermeasures for stranded people in local cities, we suggest that publication of the name of enterprises which will prevent employees from returning home all at once in the website of local governments, dispatch system of building engineers to temporary shelter for their confirmation of safety just after an earthquake occurs, and so on. These examples have been executed in local cities which we interviewed. In addition, we propose the schema of collaboration between a railway company and local governments.

The aim of this paper is to study some basic characteristics of a sense of time toward past disasters, in relation with individual and social differences. From the results of the investigation based on data collected through an internet research in Japan and Thailand, the following conclusions were reached.

The Japanese respondents' attention toward past disasters tended to be down by half in just under 20 years, and the Thailand respondents' attention toward past disasters tended to be down by half in just under 5 years. Particularly, the Japanese respondents in young generation marked tendency to lose instantly own attention toward past disasters. Additionally, the analysis using a metaphor of a disaster experience to describe an individual maturation found a phenomenon of an attitude polarization as a function of a repetition of a disaster experience. Lastly, we refer to the concept of “discernment & resignation,” thorough the consideration based on the concept of “Post-festum & Antefestum.”

This research aims to propose a kind of disaster education that fosters the initiative of teachers in Zihuatanejo, Mexico. Adopting the double-bind theory, the author implemented the action research on tsunami disaster education. In Zihuatanejo, disaster experts instructed teachers through explicit verbal messages to lead the implementation of disaster education. However, at the same time, the disaster expert, by the act of giving instructions, transmitted the implicit message that disaster education was led by the expert. Thus, a contradiction was observed and teachers were trapped in a double-bind situation. Throughout the education for teachers by the author, it was determined that the problematic implicit message could be canceled by the practices of teachers and those practices contributed to resolve the double-bind situation and foster the teachers' initiative.

In order for a region to implement effective and appropriate disaster prevention measures, it is important to formulate measures against disasters based on regional characteristics. Under the conventional approach, however, practitioners of disaster prevention activities (such as municipalities and local residents) gather comprehensive information on the area themselves, and interpret regional characteristics; this approach requires a significant amount of time and effort to identify the appropriate countermeasure method. Therefore, in order to empower disaster prevention practitioners to select effective and appropriate countermeasures, we developed the "Regional Characteristics Information Tool". This tool concentrates information cross-sectionally on the geographical area where the practitioner is active and provides information based on a relative evaluation of disaster characteristics. In addition, in order to clarify the effectiveness of this tool, a hearing survey was conducted on disaster prevention officials in municipalities that are intended users as well as local disaster prevention leaders. Responders confirmed that the natural and social characteristics, as well as the risk of disasters are presented in an easy-to-understand manner with regard to disaster characteristics in the user's active area, and that this helped them to better understand disaster characteristics. On another front, we received a comment that users wanted to review disaster prevention measures by browsing information regarding local social dynamics such as: population density, number of population during the day and night, and membership numbers of voluntary disaster prevention bodies. This indicates that practitioners need more detailed information on regional characteristics. This tool, by providing a comparison of information between regions, has the potential to contribute to further consideration and practice of disaster prevention measures. To this end, it will be necessary to promote utilization and distribution of open data, and to identify mechanisms to scoop up regional information.

Purpose of this paper is proposing the appropriate information items for providing relief goods to disaster victims. From the interview survey of both companies in distribution and logistics industry, we revealed proper role sharing and necessary information items. In addition 、 e improved the information items based on the results of the verification in training.

This study focused at the consultation situation about the tsunami evacuation within a family to target the relationship between students and their parents. Also it was analyzed for the purpose of verifying the effect. As a result, it is was confirmed that it lead to discuss evacuation procedures as home to select the appropriate evacuation of children. Further, when parents think children might not be able to run the appropriate tsunami evacuation, it was confirmed that the possibility of “Tsunami-tendenko” can’t be realized increases. According to the above results, through the consultation on the tsunami evacuation at home, children look like they will try to appropriate action. And it was confirmed that it increases the possibility of “Tsunami-tendenko” is by parents to trust their children.

From the viewpoint of prevention of crowd accident, it is important to early grasp how much and where local/sudden congestion by the crowd is occurring. In this paper, we discuss the possibility of quantifying the crowd congestion degree based on the expressions in text information posted to SNS, which is excellent in immediacy. Firstly, 52 expressions for the degree of crowd congestion and 100 photographs of congestion situation are collected from the actual Twitter data posted within 24 hours after the Great East Japan Earthquake occurred. Secondly, we ask the respondents of the Web-based questionnaire survey to evaluate the degree of congestion recalled from each linguistic expression on a 10 level scale (1 [low] – 10 [high]). In addition, the respondents are asked to choose a linguistic expression suitable for expressing the crowd congestion degree in each situation presented by one of the photographs. Based on these results, we score and rank 52 expressions and 100 photographs, and demonstrate the usefulness of text information on SNS in estimating crowd congestion degree.

This paper aims to investigate effectiveness and problems for life saving of tweets tagged with “#Rescue” in the 2017 North Kyushu Heavy Rain disaster. The results are as follows. 1) There were 224 tweets to deliver and share to someone of 42,750 tweets tagged “#Rescue”. Only four tweets in the tagged tweets reached to actual emergency calls. 2) Then, a rescue activity case due to just only one tagged tweet confirmed. However, we can not explained a direct causal relationship in this case by a series of fortuitous circumstance. 3) Huge unintended tweets on call for rescue and rejection of expose personal information which are names and location, etc.

Since the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake, disaster information systems have been built in many local governments, but there are cases in which they did not function effectively in actual disaster response. In this paper, we focused on the classification concept of information system / business system about the problem that such disaster information system is not utilized in the practice of disaster response. First, we observed the actual disaster response and conducted an interview survey to the disaster prevention personnel of municipalities. As a result, it became clear that there is a difference in required functions (referred to as "system-gap" in this paper) due to differences in disaster response operations between prefectures and municipalities, It is one of the factors hindering the utilization of the disaster information system.

Furthermore, from the survey results of the questionnaire survey for the basic municipalities of 1741 nationwide (2017a), it became clear that such "system-gap" is not a case in a specific area but a nationwide issue of concern.