Sheet glass samples were collected from different sources of 3 domestic manufacturers in Japan. Refractive index (RI) was measured for the evaluation of source discrimination capability of them. Variation of RI value within a sheet glass, which was calculated from RI measurement for the fragments taken from 5 different position in each of 4 sheet glass samples, was 1.9×10^-4 by difference and 7×10^-5 by standard deviation at maximum. A pair of sheet glass samples was considered to be distinguishable when they offered difference in RI value more than 2.8×10^-4, which corresponded to the range of ±2σ in the intra-sample variation. Number of distinguishable pair was 793 of 861 for all the possible pairs among 42 samples collected, 555 of 587 for those from different manufacturers, 161 of 173 for those from different plants of a same manufacturer, 49 of 55 for those from different furnaces of a same plant and manufacturer, which can be considered to provide satisfactorily good discrimination capability for the forensic discrimination of glass fragments. Only 28 of 46 pairs were distinguishable when they originated from a same furnace, plant and manufacturer. Among the characteristic of sheet glass, such as float or figured, color and thickness, color was found to have remarkable relationship with RI value. Compared within the same manufacturer, colored glass offered higher RI values than colorless ones except for 4 samples. Although they were from an identical origin, 24 of 27 pairs with different color could be discriminated from each other.

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  2,5-Dimethoxy-4-alkylthiophenethylamines (2C-T analogs), new psychedelic phenethylamines, were synthesized and analytical procedures for these compounds were investigated. Thin-layer chromatography (TLC), ultraviolet (UV) and infrared (IR) absorption spectrometry, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) were performed for separation and identification of the drugs. These compounds were satisfactorily separated by HPLC, though TLC and GC/MS gave an unsatisfactory separation. Each compound could be identified by IR spectrum and mass spectrum. Therefore, it was possible to separate and identify 2C-T analogs by using the combination of these instrumental analyses.

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  In this report, we evaluated an automated SEM/EDX (EDAX DxGSR) system of gunshot residue (GSR) by comparing an automated analysis method with the manual analysis method, and applied the automated method to the analysis of GSR distribution on a shooter's hand. The GSR numbers found by the two methods were not equal but were correlative. On a shooter's hand, the relative GSR density was highest at the middle phalanx of the forefinger, which pulled the trigger of a .38 SPL revolver. The GSR particles detected from the hand were classified into five groups by form and six groups by size. The “spheroidal” and “roundish” forms accounted for 79% of all GSR particles, and the size of under 1 μm accounted for 67% of all GSR particles.

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  Allele frequency distributions of the D3S1358, vWA and FGA loci were determined in the Japanese and the Korean populations using AmpFlSTR^TM Blue triplex system.
  All three loci in the Korean population and the vWA and FGA loci in the Japanese population met the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium expectation, except the D3S1358 locus in the Japanese population (p=0.01). However, the D3S1358 departure from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was no longer significant when using the conventional chi-square test. Allele frequency distributions of the D3S1358 and vWA loci in the Japanese population were not significantly different from those of the Korean population. The allele distribution of the Japanese data was similar to other previously reported Japanese data.

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