Cystoscopic findings of 36 dogs with cystoscopically confirmed bladder mass were evaluated. Transitional cell carcinomas (TCCs) were typically observed as nonpedunculated, elevated masses of irregular shapes and sizes, with some appearing as sea anemone-like or polypoid masses. Histopathological diagnosis other than TCC was less frequent but also had characteristic cystoscopic findings. When 34 elevated lesions were classified morphologically according to the human bladder cancer classification system, TCCs were most likely classified as a papillary sessile type, while other lesions tended to fall under different morphological types. These results suggest that the cystoscopic appearance may provide valuable information in differential diagnosis of bladder mass. The morphological classification system used in the study also seems useful for describing and evaluating clinical data, although further studies are necessary to evaluate its relevance in canine cases.

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Although recombinant human erythropoietin products are available for anemia of CKD in cats, the problem is the production of anti-erythropoietin antibodies with the subsequent development of aplastic anemia. Recently, it has been suggested that the disorder of iron metabolism is associated with a resistance to erythrocyte-stimulating analogues. In particular, hepcidin is considered as the central regulator of systemic iron homeostasis and mediator of anemia of inflammation. In this report, because it is important to reveal the iron status of anemia of CKD in cats in order to overcome the ESA resistance, it is detailed as follows.

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Renal anemia is a common complication with advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD) in dogs and cats. In cats with CKD, renal anemia has been associated with shorter survival. The presence of moderate to severe anemia may affect quality of life (QOL) in CKD patients. Therefore, successful treatment on anemia can lead to improved QOL, delayed a progression of CKD, and increased survival times in dogs and cats with CKD. Etiological factors in renal anemia include a functional and/or absolute iron deficient, as well as decreased renal erythropoietin production. Thus, erythropoietin administration with iron supply is recommended for the treatment of renal anemia in dogs and cats with CKD. However, information on iron status and other pathogenesis in renal anemia are limited in veterinary medicine. Further studies are warranted to define the diagnosis and treatment strategy on renal anemia in dogs and cats with CKD.

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Renal anemia is seen in 30 〜 65% of cats with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Renal anemia has been identified as independent risk factor for progression of CKD. Therefore, treatment of renal anemia have important implications in cats with CKD. The use of erythropoiesis stimulating agents (ESA) is recommended in treatment of renal anemia. ESA improve quality of life and metabolic function in cats with CKD. However, the use of ESA can create a number of complications, such as iron deficiency, thromboembolism, hypertension and pure red cell aplasia (PRCA).

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A therapy of ureteral obstruction in dogs and cats by SUB system placement is reported. We compare ureteral calculus cases that treated SUB with ureteral lithotomy (release group) or SUB without ureter care (non - release group). Chronic bacterial and mycotic infections, severe cystitis and SUB obstruction were observed in release group, there was only mild cystitis in non-release group. In release group, it was considered that the ureteral urine flow recovered and urine retention in SUB occurred susceptibility to infection and uric stone deposition. Since ureter obstruction has natural remission, it is necessary reexamine the adaptation of SUB.

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Telmisartan (TEL) is one of the angiotensin II receptor blockers. Although the anti-proteinuria effect of TEL in cats with chronic kidney disease has been reported, its effect in dogs has not been studied. In this study, we evaluated the anti-proteinuria effect and the adverse events of TEL in dogs with protein-losing nephropathy (PLN). TEL’s anti-proteinuria effect was also demonstrated in dogs with PLN. Moreover, some of the cases included in this study obtained remission of proteinuria (urine protein-to-creatinine ratio <0.5). The hyperpotassemia was most frequently observed as adverse events.

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Several studies have reported urinary tract infection of felines with LUTD accounting for 2–10% of cases. We performed direct identification of bacteria in urine using pretreatment kits for the direct application of positive blood culture bottles to MALDI-TOF MS. Urine samples collected from 43 cats with bacterial cystitis brought to Maeda Veterinary Hospital between August 10, 2015 and March 31, 2016 were used in the study. The MALDI Sepsityper Kit correctly identified 23 enteric gram-negative bacteria (92.0%) and 6 gram-positive cocci (37.5%). This method employing the MALDI Sepsityper Kit for pretreatment is a quick and reliable method for the identification of bacteria from infected urines.

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