Transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) is known as the most common malignancy of the urinarybladder in dogs. Although TCC is likely to be treated with chemotherapy, the response to theanti-cancer drugs for TCC is different among patients. In the present study, we tried to establisha new tool for checking the sensitivity to anti-cancer drugs in each TCC diseased dog beforethey are treated with the anti-cancer drugs. We verified the utility of using 3D organoids of TCCderived from urine samples of dogs suffering from TCC as a model of a tool to examine thesensitivity against the chemotherapy. As a result, vinblastine treatment stably decreased thecell viability of TCC organoids, while mitoxantrone or carboplatin treatment showed resistancein several TCC organoids. Furthermore, the tumor size in the bladder was drastically lessenedunder the chemotherapy in some dogs whose organoids showed good sensitivity for the sameanti-cancer drug. In conclusion, we can use dog TCC organoids which we established from urinesamples as an assessment of the utility of the anti-cancer drugs before using them.

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Anesthesia and chemotherapy in cats with early CKD can cause acute exacerbation of CKD andacute kidney injury later. However, it is difficult to predict the prognosis with traditional markers.In human studies, renal functional reserve (RFR) is defined as the temporary increase in GFRdue to protein intake, and a method to measure all remaining renal function has been proposed.However, RFR has not been investigated in cats. Since RFR could be a tool for predicting CKDprognosis and AKI risk in cats, this study aimed to establish a method to measure RFR as basicresearch. The measurement conditions were examined using endogenous creatinine clearancein four normal cats. Next, we examined RFR in 10 cats with blood Cre levels less than 1.6 mg/dl. GFR was measured before (baseline GFR) and after (post GFR) protein intake by exogenouscreatinine clearance method. A high-protein food was the final candidate. Post GFR peaked at3.5 h after protein ingestion. An increase in post GFR was observed in 8 of 10 cats, suggestingthat protein intake may increase GFR in cats. However, post GFR decreased in two cats due tofactors other than decreased renal function. A modified condition setting was required. In thefuture, we plan to reexamine the measurement method, and evaluate RFR in cats.

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Based on the previous reports related to formation of calcium oxalate calculus, we propose 10preventive measures that could be effective in preventing recurrence, and 9 urine tests that couldbe useful in modifying preventive policies during treatment process, as follows; (1)urine specificgravity, (2)urinary calcium/creatinine (cre) ratio, (3)oxalic acid/cre ratio, (4)citric acid/cre ratio, (5)magnesium/cre ratio, (6)uric acid/cre ratio, (7)inorganic phosphoric acid/cre ratio, (8)urine pH and(9)urine culture and susceptibility test. Furthermore, in order for these tests to be properly carriedout and evaluated in general veterinary hospitals, practical test methods and subcontractors willbe introduced, and provisional target values for each urine test will be described. However, thevalidity of preventive measures, inspection items and target values shown in this paper has notbeen fully examined. It is hoped that many hospitals will adopt these efforts in the future, andbased on the results, proposals in this paper will be revised and elaborated to establish betterrecurrence prevention measures.

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Percutaneous anterograde pyelogram(PAP) provides good visualization of the renal pelvisand ureter, allowing the presence of complete or partial obstruction in the ureter as well as thelocalization of obstruction. However, PAP in animals is not widely used in Japan, and there arefew reports. Although excretory venous urinary tract imaging (IVP) is generally performed asan evaluation of the urinary tract, there are cases in which a good contrasting image cannot beobtained clinically depending on the pathological condition. All three cases we encountered thistime had dilated renal pelvis, but existing tests did not lead to a definitive diagnosis. PAP is usefulfor diagnosis and treatment, and we report here because we have obtained some findings.

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