The Forest Classification Management Policy (FCMP), which is one of the most important policies in China, has been implemented for several years, but some problems related to the policy have not been solved yet. In order to provide some available forest management practices for the implementation of FCMP in China, especially in the metropolises, Forest Resources Survey data and plot investigation data were employed to analyze the forest resources change and stand structure of the different management types in Shenyang city. The results showed Laoshigou Forestry Farm are managed as environmental conservation type, Qipanshan Scenic Forest are recreational forests type and artificial forests of Magang town are employed to produce timber, of which they are located in Shenyang suburbs. The results also showed that the composition of stand age class, dominant trees, coniferales and broadleaf and growth of stand area and stock are different, because different management measures were implemented, though the three investigation sites were at approximate growth and site index 30 years ago, the forest cutting and pasture were banned in Laoshigou Forestry Farm, the secondary forests were recovered by natural regeneration, multi-storied and mixed forests were brought out. This provides strong supports for the management of Public Welfare Forests in Shenyang according to the FCMP. Stand densities in Qipanshan Scenic Forest are very high, because they were transferred from timber forests to recreational forests. The effective scenic thinning for transformation from artificial forests to recreational forests should be employed in Qipanshan Scenic Forest in order to improve forest amenity. Timber forest management in Magang town was characterized with short-term cutting. We suggest that the intensive thinning, which had been identified effectively for increasing wood production in Japan, be introduced to Magang town.

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Desertification has become such a serious issue that there is a pressing need for us to resolve it immediately. Nearly 20 percent of China's land territory has turned to desertified land due to natural and human factors, and overall desertification continues worsen. The policy of forest exploitation and monoculture in China is the primary cause that has led to disastrous consequences, including degradation of forests and landscapes, serious soil erosion and catastrophic flooding, and especially deforestation. In order to resolve this desertification and realize the sustainable development of forestry, the Chinese government has begun to modify Chinese forest policies and make a series of plans and programs on forest resources and combating desertification. Hence there have been many statutes with provisions relating to forest conservation. Although since the "reform and opening", much has been done in reforming Chinese forest policy, the situation of the desertification is still worsening. In this paper, we will analyze the relationship between the desertification and current Chinese forest policy in order to develop an adequate forest policy system to control and resolve the desertification and to realize sustainable development of the environment in China.

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"Green Olympic", as one theme of the 2008 Olympic held in Beijing, will make a great change in Beijing's environment. In the recent several years, a tremendous amount of attention has been paid to forest resources that can take an important role in improving environmental quality. Up to now, there are many researches about Beijing' forests, but there is a little research about Beijing' forests on the views of connecting historical change with current constraints for holding 2008 Olympic. This paper aims to get a better understanding of lessons that come from historical change of forest resources, to discuss present situation and constraints and to put forward the proposals that can solve the issues for the implementation of the "Green Olympic" in Beijing. The results showed that policy-making could give a great effect on the change of forest resources. The forest resources could not fully maintain their environmental services at current capacity, because of low forest coverage, high proportion of young forest and low stock per hectare. On the other hand, the urbanization was a serious threat to forest resources in Beijing with the rapid economical growth. Keeping the policy consistent was very necessary. Enhancing the management and conservation of young forests and secondary forests were critical. Minimizing the conversion of forest resources by implement of relative laws and regulations was important.

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Various demands for forestlands, wood, goods and services to meet the rapid economic development and fast growing population have put great pressures on tropical forests. Although forest clearing for agricultural land and pasture, and commercial logging coupled with government' policy failures are generally recognized as the major causes of deforestation, other causes have not been well documented. As a case study, this article aims at documenting forestry development and analysing the causes of deforestation and forest degradation in Cambodia. Forestry development in six different political regimes, namely, before 1970; 1970 to 1975; 1975 to 1979; 1979 to 1989; 1989 to 1993 and 1993 to the present was studied. Based on our analyses, we concluded that deforestation in Cambodia may have caused by intensive bombardments during the war time, forest clearing for resettlements, wood extraction for re-construction of war-devastated infrastructures, agricultural cultivation, and indiscriminate logging in recent years. Additional to deforestation, forest degradation may have resulted from indiscriminate felling and overexploitation. Cambodia would lose its important natural resource if immediate actions to stop deforestation and forest degradation is no undertaken.

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Since 1972, an experimental management system for Japanese oak (Quercus mongolica var. grosseserrata) has been studied in a natural Japanese oak forest, approximately 200ha in area, in the Kyushu University Forest in Hokkaido. The management system was based on the clearcutting system in tongue-shaped blocks surrounded by shelterbelts; rotation was 150 years. The silvicultural process in this management system was designed to produce high-quality timber. For 30 years between 1973 and 2002, the number of first-year oak seedling established by the silvicultural process averaged 55,000 per ha per year. For 30 years between 1972 and 2002, the area managed averaged 9.11 ha per year. For 30-years, the timber volume derived from thinning and final cutting averaged 198m^3 per year. The revenue obtained by selling this timber averaged 892,000 yen per year. The cost of silvicultural process averaged 557,000 yen per year, excluding the costs of staff and other factors owing to the Kyushu University Forest. Thus the average net revenue per year was 335,000 yen for the 30-years.

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The power equation r =az^b is often used to represent the sunny crown profile of conifers, where r is the crown radius (m) at distance z (m) from the tree apex, and a and b are parameters. When parameter b is invariant between trees, parameter a is the only independent variable that determines the sunny crown profile. Assuming that parameter b is invariant between trees, this study derived a sunny crown profile equation for Hinoki cypress (Chamaecyparis obtuse ENDL.) based on the power equation from the relationship between parameter a and the annual height increment HI (m/year): a =c HI^d where c and d are parameters. First, we derived the relationship a = c HI^d. Next, we evaluated the efficacy of the equation r =c HI^dz^b at representing the sunny crown profile of Hinoki cypress. Data were obtained from 112 trees in six pure stands of even-aged Hinoki cypress. The fit of the equation a =c HI^d to the data was good. The equation r =c HI^dz^b made more precise predictions than the equation r =az^b assumed that each of parameters a and b is common to all trees. The values of parameters b, c, and d estimated from the sample trees were 0.686, 0.401, and -0.299, respectively. The integration of the sunny crown profile equation r =c HI^dz^b with a tree growth model, including the total height growth and the sunny crown length estimations, enables prediction of the sunny crown profile and its change with growth for Hinoki cypress.

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