Journal of Forest Planning
Online ISSN : 2189-8316
Print ISSN : 1341-562X
15 巻, 2 号
選択された号の論文の9件中1~9を表示しています
  • 原稿種別: Appendix
    2010 年 15 巻 2 号 p. App1-
    発行日: 2010年
    公開日: 2017/11/01
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 原稿種別: Appendix
    2010 年 15 巻 2 号 p. App2-
    発行日: 2010年
    公開日: 2017/11/01
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 原稿種別: Index
    2010 年 15 巻 2 号 p. Toc1-
    発行日: 2010年
    公開日: 2017/11/01
    ジャーナル フリー
  • Myat Su Mon, Tsuyoshi Kajisa, Nobuya Mizoue, Shigejiro Yoshida
    原稿種別: 本文
    2010 年 15 巻 2 号 p. 63-72
    発行日: 2010年
    公開日: 2017/09/01
    ジャーナル フリー
    While deforestation in the tropics has been well mapped, there is little information on the extent and changes of forest degradation. This study aimed to investigate temporal and spatial patterns of both deforestation and forest degradation in three reserved forests of the central Bago mountain ranges, Myanmar, which have a long history of selective logging activities. We used Forest Canopy Density (FCD) Mapper and Landsat images (1989, 1999, 2003, and 2006) for the investigation. Over 17 years, more than 90% of the total area was kept as forests, defined as FCD&ge;10%, but closed canopy forests (FCD&ge;70%) greatly decreased from 98% to 53% of the total area. Medium canopy forests (40%&le;FCD<70%) and open canopy forests (10%&le;FCD<40%) increased. Gross forest degradation (change to lower FCD) was much larger than gross forest improvement (change to higher FCD) for all sites and periods, whereas differences in gross deforestation (forest to non-forest) and gross reforestation (non-forest to forest) were relatively small. As a result, a high annual net forest degradation rate of 2.5% was observed, although the annual net deforestation rate was relatively low at 0.2% between 1989 and 2006. Our findings on higher forest degradation throw the question about the sustainability of current harvesting levels of selective logging and/or extraction of non-wood forest products and shifting cultivation by local communities if no conservation or remedial measures are taken. This study revealed the importance of monitoring deforestation and forest degradation as well as the usefulness of the FCD Mapper.
  • Fumiaki Kitahara, Nobuya Mizoue, Tsuyoshi Kajisa, Takuhiko Murakami, S ...
    原稿種別: 本文
    2010 年 15 巻 2 号 p. 73-79
    発行日: 2010年
    公開日: 2017/09/01
    ジャーナル フリー
    In most countries, the positional accuracy of National Forest Inventory (NFI) plots is unknown, even though the NFI is expected to provide geo-referenced ground data for remote sensing. The present study evaluated the positional error of Japanese NFI plots that had already been located using a Global Positioning System (GPS) for navigational assistance toward target coordinates on a 4-km grid. The actual positions of 82 plots in 4 prefectures were measured using a high-precision GPS with dual-frequency carrier-phase observation in comparison with the target coordinates. The positional error was found to be significantly related to GPS types that had been used for navigation during the establishment of the plot, but not with terrain, canopy types and stand density. The mean error when using differential GPS (DGPS) navigation was 6.2m; significantly lower than the 20.0m obtained using autonomous GPS. We conclude that the positional accuracy of the NFI plots in Japan is acceptable for use as a ground reference for the widely used Landsat satellite images with 30-m resolution if the plots had been located using DGPS navigation. In addition, the position of plots located without the use of DGPS should be re-measured to enhance the availability of NFI data.
  • Rongxia Li, Pete Bettinger
    原稿種別: 本文
    2010 年 15 巻 2 号 p. 81-98
    発行日: 2010年
    公開日: 2017/09/01
    ジャーナル フリー
    Clearcut size limitations established both for private land and public land may affect and compound the fragmentation of forested landscapes. To better understand how these restrictions influence forest fragmentation, we designed an experiment to test and assess the effects caused by different maximum clearcut size restrictions on landscapes with different spatial patterns of land ownership. First, we developed forest plans with wood-flow and clearcut size constraints, using datasets composed of different land sizes (small, medium, and large) and spatial patterns (clumped, dispersed, and random). Six reasonable maximum clearcut sizes were assumed for industrial landowners of the southern U.S. Landscape metrics were selected as indicators of forest fragmentation; these included number of patches, patch density, total edge, edge density, perimeter-area fractal dimension, mean proximity, contagion. Results show that regardless of forest size and spatial pattern of land ownership, as the maximum clearcut size increased the number of patches, patch density, total edge and edge density decreased, while mean proximity increased. Results also suggest that wood-flow constraints have an effect on measures of fragmentation, and by adding this type of constraint to a forest planning problem, the effects attributable to different clearcut size restrictions may be mitigated.
  • Tohru Nakajima, Mitsuo Matsumoto, Hiroshi Sasakawa, Satoshi Ishibashi, ...
    原稿種別: 本文
    2010 年 15 巻 2 号 p. 99-108
    発行日: 2010年
    公開日: 2017/09/01
    ジャーナル フリー
    We applied the Local Yield Table Construction System (LYCS), a computer program that predicts stand growth using various stand density controls, to sugi (Cryptomeria japonica), hinoki (Chamaecyparis obtusa), and karamatsu (Larix leptolepis) plantated forests throughout Japan. The parameters were estimated from yield tables of karamatsu forests produced by the managers of the national forests in the Hokkaido, Iwate, Dewa, and Shinshu regions of Japan. The diameter at breast height (DBH) and the number of trees measured in permanent plots were used as the parameters for estimating the effect of stand density on diameter growth. We used these parameters to estimate stand growth in terms of tree height, DBH, and tree diameter distribution. The estimated stand growth data calculated using these parameters were comparable to data in the original yield tables and observed values obtained from permanent plots. These results enabled us to construct yield tables for various stand density control plans for karamatsu forests.
  • Takashi Fukushima
    原稿種別: 本文
    2010 年 15 巻 2 号 p. 109-119
    発行日: 2010年
    公開日: 2017/09/01
    ジャーナル フリー
    According to society's demand for the companies' commitment to the social responsibilities and public responsibilities, Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is gaining increased attention. CSR is defined variously and even currently there is no definitive definition that can pinpoint what CSR is. This is due to the CSR concept emerging out of varying conditions depending on the individual country or region, and that it is also strongly subject to the backdrop of the period. This study targets the CSR in Japan. The purpose of this study is to clarify the significance of CSR activities, to describe the characteristics of forest-related activities of Japanese companies, and to discuss how the relationship between CSR and business should be. About the significance of CSR activities, the survey results are as follows: 1) The significance of CSR activities for companies includes to enhance their reputation and to establish their corporate brand. 2) CSR is unclear in its profitability despite its costliness in time and funds, and disregarding eco-efficiency, it falls short of evidence in how it may benefit the company. 3) The relationship between CSR and competitiveness is issues and the dialogues with diverse stakeholders become complex and unclear. 4) Japanese companies are especially inclined to view social contribution through business, namely the provision of products and services to the society, as CSR. Reflecting this view, CSR is referred to as "a social contribution through business; nothing out of the ordinary" in Japan. On the other hand, 62% of the companies have been involved in some kind of forest-related activities and much participation to forest-related activities in industries other than forestry and related industries. The objectives of investing in forest-related activities also varied from activities related to business operation such as materials procurement, to forest conservation, CSR, employee education, regional contribution and biodiversity conservation. So, these activities are more CSR-like in nature. These interests in forest-related activities are the characteristics of Japanese CSR activities. These survey results showed that the actual state could not be sufficiently captured in the CSR concept of "social contribution through lines of business." In conclusion, the current mainstream concept of CSR "social contribution through business" must be separated into the narrow sense and broader sense and defined individually. In order to promote environmental efforts including forest-related activities, CSR in the broader sense also needs to be evaluated and accordingly it must be incorporated into the core of the management strategy. In order to realize this, internal and external requests by the diverse stakeholders and new incentives would be necessary.
  • Stanko Trifkovic, Hirokazu Yamamoto
    原稿種別: 本文
    2010 年 15 巻 2 号 p. 121-126
    発行日: 2010年
    公開日: 2017/09/01
    ジャーナル フリー
    The c-tree sampling method has been proposed in the past as a rapid approach to estimate forest stand parameters. However, the use of c-tree sampling is not as simple as previously thought. In order to use it, we should have a broad knowledge on statistical methodology and estimators as well as on spatial patterns and their indices. Otherwise, the use of c-tree sampling could lead into wrong conclusions. Depending on exhibited spatial patterns and the type of estimator, c-tree sampling can yield a relatively high bias. Difficulties associated with accessing information on spatial patterns have been a reason to favoring robust estimators and there was a need to derive a new estimator of tree density which would be applicable in forest plantations. Density estimates with a newly derived estimator, named to as the "GM estimator", are compared with those obtained with the (c-0.5) estimator and the (c-1) estimator. The results have shown that the GM estimator can be used in a wide range of populations exhibiting regular spatial patterns; spatial patterns ranging from highly regular to those of random. This study is a step forward in promoting the use of c-tree sampling in forestry.
feedback
Top