The purpose of this study is to know the relationship between smoking and lifestyle of Japanese male smokers, and to show the bad influence of smoking. Objects are 11, 708 men, aged 30 to 59, who visited Tokai University Medical Examination Center with in a year. Each age of 30, 40, 50's are deviled into four groups by the smoking habit, A: never smoked, B: stopped smoking, C: 1-20 cigarettes a day, D : smoking more than 21 cigarettes a day. Behavioral pattern, physical condition (overwork, easy to feel fatigue), wakeful lack of physical activities, habits of meal, consumption of alchol and coffee were surbeyed by a questionnaire format. Those data and obesity index were analysed in relation with smoking habits. Thpe A behavior personality was more seen in aged group. In the same age, group D was larger in number than other groups. Smokers Were wakeful and their bedtime was late at night, and physical activities were less than non-smokers. Compared with non-smokers, smokers were taking meals irregularly ; lack of breakfast or taking supper late at night. Many of them also had no limitation on taking salt, sugar or oily foods. Smokers took much more alcohol and coffee than non-smokers. In most of the indicators, dose-response relation was observed in smoking habits. The group with smoking more than 21 cigarettes/day was unhealthy, compared with non-smoking group. In aged group, many indices were better than younger group. There was no difference between group A and B. It means that the cessation of smoking is an important effect for being in good health. With these results, we conclude that it is crucial to recommend for the smokers, to quit smoking and to improve their life style including habits of meal.

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The purpose of this study was to investigate factors related to the radial bone mineral density (RBMD) in 37 collegiate women. The RBMD showed significant positive correlations with the body height and weight, waist and hip cicumferences, percentage of body fat, lean body mass, grip strength and physical activity during junior high school. When the subjects were divided into tertiles based on the body height and weight, waist and hip cicumferences, precentage of body fat, lean body mass, and grip strength, the groups which had higher mean values in these parameters showed the higher RBMD than the lower groups. The physical activity during junior high school was divided into 2 groups as active or sedentary, the active group had higher mean values in RBMD than the sedentary group. These results indicate that the RBMD was more related to the grip strength, physical activity during the junior high school and physique than serum reproductive hormones or calcium intake in this subject group.

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The present study examined the effects of dietary education and exercise treatment on blood lipid concentrations and body composition among 19 hyperlipidemic (total cholesterol ≥ 220 mg/dl or LDL-cholesterol140 mg/dl) female volunteers. The subjects were divided into 2 groups and attended different health education programs regarding diet and exercise treatment for three months. Both of the group I (n=11) and group II (n=8) exercised by aerobic dance for 60 minutes once a week and walked with the aim of more than ten thousands steps. In addition, the group II regularly pedaled an ergometer for 40 minutes three times a week. Measurements were performed at the initiation of the program and three months after that.
In the group I, the mean values of weight, body mass index, and fat mass significantly decreased after the program. In addition to these parameters, mean hip circumference, systolic and diastolic blood pressures also significantly decreased in the group II. The mean values of total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-cholesterol, and fasting plasma glucose significantly decreased in both groups. In addition, mean β-lipoprotein significantly decreased in the group I, while mean HDL-cholesterol significantly increased in the group II.
These results suggest that moderate intensity selfmonitored exercise is effective for improving serum lipids and body composition

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To contribute to the progress of“health promotion”, both the secular trend of physical fitness and the orthopedic diseases (such as bone, joint, and muscle disorders) have been investigated, in middle-aged subjects of Multiphasic Health Testing and Services (MHTS) in Toma General Hospital.
The following findings were obtained :
1. Comparing the results of physical-strength checkups in 1989 with that in 1998, among subjects (over-night) aged 30 through 39, subjects in 1998 were taller, heavier, higher proportion of body fat, and lower intake of oxygen.
2. Although frequency of sport injury patients aged 30 or more in Toma Hospital orthopedics department have declined with age, we should not underestimate the risk of sport injury among middle-aged subjects.
3. The Shöber test which evaluated flexibility of subjects was useful to motivate the prevention of lumbago.
4. We take in the criteria of CXD (computer assisted X-ray densitometry) for screening the high risk subjects for future vertebra fractures ; that is, CXD-measured metacarpal bone mineral density (m-BMD) <2.0 or CXD-measured radial bone mineral density (r-BMD) <2.4.
5. The following items of physical-strength checkups have significant correlations with fall (p<0.05) : muscular strength around knee, stride index, duration of stand on one foot with eyes shut, anteflexio value with long sitting position. We take into account these items to develop physical exercise for fall prevention.
These findings will provide important clues that may prevent orthopedic diseases and may prolong disability-free life years.

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The relationship of alcohol intake to blood pressure and serum lipids and lipoprotein was studied in 4, 535 women, ranging from 40 to 59 years of age. The data was adjusted for age, body mass index (BMI), cigarette smoking, and physical activity. Subjects who drank more than 1 drink had significantly higher mean value of systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) than non-drinker and subjects who drank up to 1 drink. Subjects who drank more than 2 drinks had significantly higher mean value of SBP and DBP than non-drinker and subjects who drank up to 2 drinks. Subjects who drank had significantly lower mean value of total cholesterol (TC), the ratio of TC to high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and significantly higher mean value of HDL-C than non-drinker. Subjects who drank up to 2 drinks had significantly lower mean value of LDL-C than non-drinker and up to 1 drink. Subjects who drank more than 2 drinks had significantly lower mean value of LDL-C than non-drinker, up to 1 drink, and up to 2 drinks. The present study reveals that alcohol intake is negatively associated with SBP and DBP and favourbly associated with lipids and lipoprotein.

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We evaluated the clinical significance of measurement of the prostate using transabdominal Ultrasonography. The study population consisted of 67 normal subjects and 10 patients showing symptoms of benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) . We measured length and depth of prostates, length of transition zone (a) and depth of transition zone (b), estimating the volume of the transition zone (V) from the formula (V=π/6 ab²) . Consequently, there were a slight correlation between age and size of transition zone and a correlation between serum level of prostate specific antigen and size of transition zone. There were statistically significant differences in depth of prostates, length of transition zone, and volume of transition zone between normal subjects and patients with BPH. At the weight of 5.8 g for the cut off value of BPH, the sensitivity was 70.0%, and the specificity was 73.1%.

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The ideal way of the external quality management the one's own participation facilities understands oneself problem according to the evaluation result, and it must be based on the method in which that measures of the modification are taken becomes possible.

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