Journal of Hard Tissue Biology
Online ISSN : 1880-828X
Print ISSN : 1341-7649
ISSN-L : 1341-7649
Volume 25, Issue 2
Displaying 1-16 of 16 articles from this issue
Original
  • Bo Liu, Nan Li, Yuling Jiang, Chao Liu, Le Ma, Wei Cong, Jing Xiao
    2016 Volume 25 Issue 2 Pages 97-103
    Published: 2016
    Released on J-STAGE: April 12, 2016
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Retinoic acid (RA) is a widely-used agent inducing cell differentiation. In order to study the effect of excessive RA on myogenesis, C2C12 cells were cultured in gradient concentrations of RA. In this study, the cell cycle arrested in G0/G1 phase when the concentration of RA was higher than 10 µM. Cell proliferation was inhibited by RA over 40 µM. Therefore, 1 and 10 µM RA were chosen to treat C2C12 cells under serum withdrawal, respectively, and then, myogenic regulatory factors (MRFs) were measured by real-time PCR. It was found that after RA treatment, Myf5 transcription was maintained in a lower level. The change curves of MyoD and Myogenin transcription were consistent with the vehicle control, but MRF4 transcription was higher than that of the vehicle control at day 6. Additionally, compared with 10 µM RA-treated cells, the elevated transcription of MyoD and Myogenin insisted longer and the transcription of MRF4 at 6 day was higher in 1 µM RA-treated cells. Myosin heavy chain (MyHC) was also calibrated by Western blot to analysis myogenic terminal differentiation. Our findings illustrated that MyHC protein level was obviously declined in 10 µM RA-treated cells. Finally, immunostaining revealed that a growing number of bifurcations in RA-treated myosin-positive cells were accompanied by longer and thinner cell bodies, especially in 10µM RA-treated cells. In conclusion, excessive RA could still induce myoblast myogenic differentiation. However, the maturation of myotubes might be discouraged by a higher-dose of RA.
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  • Satoru Matsunaga, Hirotoshi Maki, Taku Noguchi, Kento Odaka, Masaaki K ...
    2016 Volume 25 Issue 2 Pages 104-108
    Published: 2016
    Released on J-STAGE: April 12, 2016
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Recent investigations on osteoporosis have led to a better understanding of the pathology and treatment of the disease. However, the decline in sex hormones that typically accompanies aging makes it difficult to separately investigate the complex factors that cause the disease in humans. Various animal-based studies have demonstrated the pathology of senile osteoporosis (SO) and postmenopausal osteoporosis (PO), but a number of uncertainties remain as to the pathology behind the occurrence of both conditions. In the present study, we prepared ovariectomized senescence-accelerated mouse-prone 6 (SAMP6) mice and investigated the site specificity of trabecular structural properties in alveolar and tibial bone. The experimental animals were the SAMP6 mice (n = 10), while SAM-resistant/1 (SAMR1) mice (n = 10) served as controls. All mice were ovariectomized at 16 weeks of age and sacrificed at Week 17 and 20. The tibia and mandible bone samples were extracted and scanned using micro-computed tomography and subjected to bone morphometry. The results showed that trabecular bone was significantly thinner in the ovariectomized SAMP6 mice than in the ovariectomized SAMR1 mice at 17 weeks, but at 20 weeks, there were no significant differences in the tibial bone. In terms of alveolar bone, there were no significant differences in bone morphometry findings at week 17 but bone volume fraction and trabecular bone pattern factor values were significantly lower in the ovariectomized SAMP6 mice than in the ovariectomized SAMR1 mice at 20 weeks. The results therefore suggest that single onset of either PO or SO has little impact on alveolar bone but complex SO/PO onset causes severe alveolar bone resorption.
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  • Masaaki Kasahara, Satoru Matsunaga, Kento Odaka, Takuya Ishimoto, Taka ...
    2016 Volume 25 Issue 2 Pages 109-114
    Published: 2016
    Released on J-STAGE: April 12, 2016
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The jaw bone is a specialized bone which in association with the masticatory muscles, moderates the occlusal forces transmitted to the jaw via teeth. It is suggested that there is a strong relationship between the structural characteristics of the jaw bone and occlusal force. Earlier studies involving bone density have shown clear differences between the properties of the maxilla and those of the mandible. We believe that assessment of the bone is also necessary to gain a better understanding of the material properties of the jaw bone, which maintains sufficient strength to withstand mechanical stress. In the present study, the authors conducted a quantitative assessment of biological apatite (BAp) crystallite alignment, which is an indicator used in bone quality assessment, with the aim of clarifying the structural characteristics of the human maxilla. Using dentulous maxillae from Japanese cadavers, we measured the bone mineral density (BMD) and BAp crystallite alignment of first molar cortical bone, which was the area of interest. For measurement, the maxilla was classified into a total of four regions, consisting of cortical bone surrounding the alveolar process and cortical bone surrounding the root, on both the buccal and palatal sides, and each of these regions was assessed. The results indicated no significant differences in BMD values based on site, but in the buccal cortical bone surrounding the root, strong alignment was observed in the vertical direction (Y-axis) in relation to the occlusal plane. Moreover, strong alignment was seen in the mesiodistal direction for palatal cortical bone compared to buccal cortical bone. At the same time, however, all of the measurement regions in the buccopalatal direction (Z-axis) showed low values for both buccal and palatal cortical bone. Based on the results of the present study, it was confirmed that buccal cortical bone in the maxillary first molar cortical bone region has a strong mechanical characteristic in the Y-axis direction. This suggests that buccal cortical bone is more strongly affected by occlusal force, and it is surmised that it plays a significant role in transmitting stress generated primarily by the buccal root.
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  • Ryoko Kawai, Madoka Isomura, Nobuaki Sato, Seeta Kato, Waka Yoshida, K ...
    2016 Volume 25 Issue 2 Pages 115-120
    Published: 2016
    Released on J-STAGE: April 12, 2016
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is known to be an independent etiologic factor for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Especially, HPV-16 is associated with a significant risk of developing OSCC. The most important prognostic factor in OSCC is local lymph node metastasis (LNM); therefore, knowledge of LNM status is crucial for selecting proper treatment plans. However, it is not clarify relationship between HPV-16 infection and LNM in OSCC. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of HPV-16 infection in LNM in OSCC. We analyzed 130 cases of OSCC (100 cases of OSCC without LNM; 30 cases of OSCC with LNM). HPV-16 infection was detected by PCR, immunohistochemical examination and in situ hybridization. HPV-16 positivity rates among primary tumor (PT) specimens without LNM were 43.0 % (43/100), and HPV-16 positivity rates among PT specimens with LNM were 26.7 % (8/30). In addition, HPV-16 positivity rates in both PT and LNM specimens in 30 OSCC patients with LNM were 10 % (3/30). OSCC with HPV-16 DNA detected by PCR showed positive staining on immunohistochemical examination and in situ hybridization. The HPV-16 infection rate in OSCC with LNM was significantly lower than that for OSCC without LNM. In the case of OSCC with LNM, HPV-16 infection rates for both in PT and LNM were low. This suggests that HPV-16 positive cases had a significantly lower risk of LNM when compared with patients having HPV-16 negative OSCC. The results of the present study suggest that HPV status in OSCC is able to act as a marker for risk of LNM.
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  • Keita Akadomari, Akira Tanaka, Izumi Mataga
    2016 Volume 25 Issue 2 Pages 121-130
    Published: 2016
    Released on J-STAGE: April 12, 2016
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Function degeneracy of the salivary gland leads to reduced protection against infection and reduced physiological function of the oral cavity, considerably diminishing the patient’s quality of life. However, no method of treatment has yet been established to recover the secretory capacity of the salivary gland reduced by the degeneration or disappearance of the gland tissue. Ongoing salivary gland regeneration experiments using cell transplantation aim to introduce clinical regenerative treatment for the salivary gland. Because it is essential to understand the self-regenerative capacity that remains in the recipient’s salivary gland, it is essential to search for optimal conditions for transplantation and establish a salivary gland atrophy model. In this context, we performed duct ligation of the submandibular gland in groups of mice for 7-, 14-, and 21-day ligation periods, compared immunohistochemical staining using acinar cell and stem cell markers, detected apoptosis using TUNEL staining, and analyzed gene expression using RT-PCR to search for the expression of factors related to regenerative capacity that remain in the atrophic salivary gland. All 3 periods of ligation led to remarkable atrophy/disappearance of acinar cells and the dominant presence of duct-like structures. These structures expressed stem cell markers most intensively after 14 days of ligation, and double immunostaining revealed the expressions of PSCA and c-Kit that coincided with them. AQP5 expression was detected in acinar cells and the apical membrane of the intercalated ducts in the normal submandibular gland and was also detected after 21 days of ligation in the remnant acinar cells and intercalated ducts. Conversely, the number of TUNEL-positive apoptotic cells in the atrophic salivary gland was highest after 7 days of ligation. These results showed that the duct-like structures that exist after ligation expressed stem cell markers and AQP5, indicating the presence of a mechanism related to the regeneration of salivary gland tissue.
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  • Yasuo Miake, Sei Tsutsui, Yoshiyuki Eshita
    2016 Volume 25 Issue 2 Pages 131-136
    Published: 2016
    Released on J-STAGE: April 12, 2016
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    This study was intended to clarify the changes in the color of teeth and enamel rod sheath with age. A total of 14 first premolars taken from patients between the ages of 10-70 years old were used in this study. Photographs of the buccal surface of teeth were taken and the tone was converted into color system marked as L*, a* and b* using image processing software. Thick sections of 1.5 mm traversing the tooth axis were prepared and the enamel translucency and color of enamel and dentin were determined in the same manner. Correlation analysis was carried out between the clinical color of the buccal surface and age, enamel color and age, dentin color and age and translucency and age. The sections were embedded in resin and the polished cross section was observed a backscattered electron image with SEM. The observation sites were the following: outer of the enamel, middle layer and deep layer (near the dentin-enamel junction). The structure of the enamel rod sheath was the focus of observation. The area and width of enamel rod sheath were measured from SEM images. Correlation analysis between color, area of enamel rod sheath and age were carried out with these data. Results showed that color of enamel and dentin became darker with age; the color of the entire buccal surface became dark reddish and yellowish but it was not due to increased permeability of enamel. The enamel rod sheath was clear in teeth of young people but it showed a rapid decrease with age. From the results, the crystal gap and enamel rod sheath suppress the reflection of the color of underlying dentin with the tendency of scattering the light from the outer layer to the deeper layer in teeth of young patients. However with increasing age, the crystal gap and enamel rod sheath decrease thereby strongly reflecting the color of dentin resulting to a darker color. Thus, microstructural changes in enamel affect the color of the tooth.
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  • Daisuke Yamaguchi, Kazuo Takeuchi, Hiroki Furuta, Shin Miyamae, Hirosh ...
    2016 Volume 25 Issue 2 Pages 137-148
    Published: 2016
    Released on J-STAGE: April 12, 2016
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    This study was conducted to examine the gene-expression changes that might contribute to enhanced osteogenesis after low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) exposure. Bone marrow cells were obtained from the femora of rats and were suspended in an osteogenic medium to prepare cell cultures. After the cultures were established, test cultures were exposed to LIPUS through the base of the cell-culture plates for 15 min/day on Days 3-9 (LIPUS group). Control cultures were not exposed to LIPUS, but were otherwise treated identically to the LIPUS group. On Day 10, total RNA was extracted from both sets of cultures and hybridized to microarray slides, and the obtained datasets were analyzed. Real-time PCR was used to confirm the microarray analysis results. Cell-proliferation assays and Sirius Red staining were performed on Days 4, 7 and 10, and Alizarin Red S staining was performed on Days 10, 14 and 21. Markers for differentiated osteoblasts and osteocytes and genes encoding collagen-related molecules and cell-adhesion factors were upregulated in the LIPUS group on Day 10. Cell proliferation was lower in the LIPUS group than in the controls on Day 7. Sirius Red staining in the LIPUS group was significantly higher than in the controls on Day 10, and the cell areas stained with Alizarin Red S were significantly larger in the LIPUS group than in the controls on each day of the experiment. Thus, LIPUS exposure increased the gene expression of extracellular matrix factors and promoted the differentiation of osteoblast-like cells into osteocytes in an in vitro cell culture model.
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  • Genki Yoshida, Masahiko Ando, Yoshihiko Sugita, Hatsuhiko Maeda, Daisu ...
    2016 Volume 25 Issue 2 Pages 149-156
    Published: 2016
    Released on J-STAGE: April 12, 2016
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Carbon compounds accumulate over time on titanium surfaces. This is reported to reduce osseointegration of titanium implants in bone. Ozonated water was found to remove carbon compounds and to have a sufficient cleaning effect. The effects of the ozonated water on the titanium surface were evaluated by cell culture and mechanical tests. In vitro study, titanium disks (diameter 20 mm, thickness 1 mm, Grade 2) were treated with sulfuric acid. Disks in the control group were surface cleaned with distilled water, and disks in the O3 group were surface cleaned for 10 min with ozonated water. The experimental animals were male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. We tested for cell proliferation activity, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, calcification and measured calcium concentrations. In vivo study, titanium implants (diameter 1 mm, length 2 mm, Grade 2) were treated with sulfuric acid. Control group samples were washed for 10 min with distilled water immediately before implantation. O3 group samples were washed for 10 min with ozonated water. We performed push-in testing using a mechanical testing machine. The femurs were removed at 2 and 4 weeks after implantation. Cell proliferation activity was higher in the O3 group than in the control group at 24 h after cell seeding. Similarly, ALP activity was higher in the O3 group than in the control group, indicating higher cell differentiation potential. Cell calcification was higher in the O3 group than in the control group at all measurement times. Maximum compressive stress was significantly higher in the O3 group compared with the control group at 2 weeks after implantation (p < 0.05). At 4 weeks after implantation, no difference was found between the groups. Osseointegration time was decreased by cleaning titanium implants with ozonated water.
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  • Hodaka Sasaki, Kazuya Monden, Masao Yoshinari, Yasutomo Yajima
    2016 Volume 25 Issue 2 Pages 157-164
    Published: 2016
    Released on J-STAGE: April 12, 2016
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) is known to promote bone defect healing and also angiogenesis. It was reported the frequency of the LIPUS was related to directivity and the depth of penetration, but the differences in angiogenesis during bone defected healing remains unknown. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of low and high frequency LIPUS exposure for the angiogenesis during rat femur bone defect healing process by molecular biological and histomorphological evaluations. Bone defects of 1.6 mm in diameter were created in both femurs of ten-week-old male Long-Evans rats (n=30). Right femur as LIPUS exposure groups were exposed LIPUS (intensity: 30 mW/cm2, burst width: 200 µs, time: 15 min/ day) and divided into a low frequency (1.5 MHz, L15) group and a high frequency (3.0 MHz, L30) group. Left femur as non-exposed LIPUS group were used as control. After 3, 5, and 7 days, femurs were removed and quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) for vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), histomorphological and immunohistochemical evaluations and measurement of new formed capillary vessel ratio in bone defected are were conducted. The results of qRT-PCR were indicated that VEGF expression of L15 at 5 days was significantly higher than that of L30 and control group (p < 0.05). Immune-positive reaction of VEGF was recognized in fibroblasts, endothelial cells, periosteal cells and osteoblast and these expression in LIPUS exposure groups were stronger than control groups. The capillary vessel formation ratio in upper layer of bone defected area in L15 group was significantly increased compared to L30 and control group at 7 days (p < 0.05). In conclusion, 1.5 MHz frequency of LIPUS exposure was more effective to promote VEGF expression and angiogenesis than 3.0 MHz in rat femur bone defected healing.
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  • Xu Wang, Chen Wang, Chao Zhang, Jiazhang Huang, Xin Ma, Chengwei Wang, ...
    2016 Volume 25 Issue 2 Pages 165-172
    Published: 2016
    Released on J-STAGE: April 12, 2016
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    In this study, we aimed to retrospectively evaluate the complications of ankle fusion for treating late sequelae of ankle injuries (LS-AI). We retrospectively analyzed patients with LS-AI who were treated with ankle fusion in our hospital between January 1997 and June 2012; we summarized the surgical methods, internal fixation selection, follow-up time, preoperative and follow-up-end American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS) score, and complications. A total of 48 patients were analyzed, including 14 patients with open tibial and fibular fracture-induced lower limb compartment syndrome sequelae, 33 patients with ankle and Pilon fracture-caused traumatic ankle arthritis, and 1 patient with ankle amputation injury. The average follow-up time was 49.1 months. The incidence rate of complications was 29.17 %, including 4 cases of wound infection, 3 cases of delayed union, 1 case of nonunion, 2 cases of malunion, 2 cases of nerve injury, and 2 cases of internal fixation fracture. The average preoperative AOFAS score was 44.3 points, and the average postoperative score was 81.2 points (P<0.05). Ankle fusion is still the most effective method for treating late complications of ankle injuries.
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  • Yumi Takahashi, Hideki Tanaka, Kumiko Nakai, Satoshi Kitami, Fumiko Mu ...
    2016 Volume 25 Issue 2 Pages 173-180
    Published: 2016
    Released on J-STAGE: April 12, 2016
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The receptor activator of NF-κB (RANK) ligand (RANKL) is a cytokine that is essential for osteoclast development, whereas interleukin (IL)-18 suppresses osteoclastogenesis by increasing granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) production in T-cells. In the present study, we examined the effect of RANKL on the expression of IL-18 and IL-18 binding protein (IL-18BP), a natural inhibitor of IL-18, in RAW264.7 cells. We also examined the effect of conditioned medium derived from RAW264.7 cells on IL-18-induced GM-CSF expression in CD4+ T cells isolated from the spleens of C57BL/6J mice. mRNA expression of IL-18 was significantly suppressed, whereas that of IL-18BP was significantly increased in RANKL-treated RAW264.7 cells compared with untreated cells. RANKL also increased the expression of IL-18BP protein in culture supernatants of RAW264.7 cells. GM-CSF protein expression in CD4+ T-cells stimulated with IL-18 was suppressed by the addition of conditioned medium derived from RANKL-treated RAW264.7 cells. These results suggest that RANKL suppresses the stimulatory effect of IL-18 on GM-CSF expression in CD4+ T-cells via enhancing the production of IL-18BP in RAW264.7 cells.
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  • Yugo Fukayo, Tsuyoshi Amemiya, Kazutoshi Nakaoka, Masayoshi Mizutani, ...
    2016 Volume 25 Issue 2 Pages 181-194
    Published: 2016
    Released on J-STAGE: April 12, 2016
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The aim of this study was to evaluate bone and gingival connective tissue responses towards nanosecond-pulsed laser-treated titanium implants. A Nd:YVO4 nanosecond-pulse laser with a defocus technique was used to modify the surfaces of two types of cylindrical titanium implants. One had a 3.5 mm diameter and 7.0 mm length (∅3.5 Ti) to assess rabbit bone responses; the other a 1.0 mm diameter and 4.5 mm length (∅1.0 Ti) to assess rat gingival connective tissue responses. Laser-treated titanium implants, a ∅3.5 Laser-Ti and ∅1.0 Laser-Ti, were obtained by defocus irradiation. Collagen immobilized ∅1.0Laser-Ti (∅1.0 Coll/Laser-Ti) implants were obtained by a tresyl chloride-activated method. Laser-Ti surfaces had micro-scale roughened oxide layers and parallel arranged grooves. Sa (average roughness) and Sdr (interfacial area ratio) values of the Laser-Ti were significantly higher than those of Ti (titanium) implants (p<0.05). The ∅3.5 implants were implanted into the bone defects of rabbits to evaluate bone responses and ∅1.0 implants were implanted into the extracted sockets of rat maxilla to evaluate gingival connective tissue responses. After implantation periods, the specimens were excised and non-decalcified thin sections prepared to evaluate histological responses. After 12 weeks of implantation in the rabbit experiments, bone-to-implant contact for the Laser-Ti implants was significantly higher than for the Ti in both tibia and femoral condyle (p<0.05). Improved attachment of gingival connective tissue to the implant surface was observed for Laser-Ti and Coll/Laser-Ti in the rat maxilla. Polarized light microscopy showed perpendicular rod-like attachments of gingival collagen fibers on the Laser-Ti and Coll/Laser-Ti implant surfaces. Ti implants had no discernible attachments with gingival connective tissue along the implant surface. In conclusion, nanosecond-pulsed laser treatment with a defocus technique produced roughened titanium surfaces with parallel grooves and micro-roughened asperities. Laser treatment of implants resulted in improved bone responses and attachment of gingival connective tissue.
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  • Arisa Higa, Kyoko Oka, Michiko Kira-Tatsuoka, Shougo Tamura, Satoshi I ...
    2016 Volume 25 Issue 2 Pages 195-204
    Published: 2016
    Released on J-STAGE: April 12, 2016
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    It is important to understand the different mechanisms involved in anterior hard and posterior soft palate development to prevent and treat patients with cleft palate. Genetic analyses of humans and gene-mutated mice with cleft palate have shown that TGF-β signaling has a critical role in palatogenesis. However, the intracellular signaling pathway of TGF-β during palatogenesis in the anterior-posterior axis has not yet been fully understood. In the present study, the expression patterns of intracellular molecules Smad2/3 and phospho-p38 (Pp38) were examined at embryonic days 13.5, 14.0, and 14.5 (E13.5, E14.0, and E14.5) in mice. It was found that Smad3 was activated in anterior palatal mesenchyme and in the medial edge epithelium (MEE) region, with TGF-β3 expressed at E13.5. On the other hand, Pp38 was more expressed in posterior palatal mesenchyme and strongly expressed in the entire palatal epithelium at E13.5. These opposing expression patterns between Smad3 and Pp38 in palatal mesenchyme were also observed at E14.0. Interestingly, Pp38 expression was inhibited in MEE from E14.0. Generally, from E14.5, the tissue specificities of hard and soft palate started showing their characteristics following the activation of cell differentiation in palatal mesenchyme, and the medial edge seam (MES) of the palatal epithelium started to disappear for fusion to occur. At this stage, Smad3 was also more expressed in anterior palatal mesenchyme, while expression of Pp38 was activated in posterior palatal mesenchyme. Pp38 expression was inhibited, but Smad3 was activated in the MES. These results suggest that TGF-β signaling plays various roles, such as in cell proliferation and differentiation of palatal mesenchyme and in the disappearance of the MES, through different intracellular signaling pathways in anterior-posterior palatal mesenchyme and epithelium.
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  • Reiko Koishi, Yoichiro Taguchi, Makiko Okuda, Akio Tanaka, Makoto Umed ...
    2016 Volume 25 Issue 2 Pages 205-212
    Published: 2016
    Released on J-STAGE: April 12, 2016
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Treatment to replace missing teeth with implants has been available for nearly 50 years. However, many implants are subject to peri-implantitis because of resorption of the bone supporting the implant. Therefore periodontal maintenance to avoid bacterial infection around an implant device is essential. There are several methods of maintenance available to remove bacterial infections. One of these methods involves the direct removal of bacterial infection in the implant sulcus using tooth surface abrasives. Abrasives that contain glycine are recommended because of their biocompatibility with the tooth surface. The purpose of this study was to examine the cellular behavior of human gingival epithelial cells on the surface after abrasion with adjunctive glycine air-polishing powder. We treated the titanium surface with air-polishing abrasives containing glycine or sodium bicarbonate, then examined the structural surface change and wettability, as well as the proliferative potency and gene expression of adherent gingival epithelial cells. The glycine-containing abrasives exhibited higher biocompatibility than the sodium bicarbonate abrasive, and the use of abrasives with small average particle size may be useful in the removal of bacterial infections around implants.
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Clinical Report
  • Chuan Li, Yong-Yue Su, Xiao-Shan Xu, Tian-Hua Zhou, Xin-Yu Fan, Yong-Q ...
    2016 Volume 25 Issue 2 Pages 213-218
    Published: 2016
    Released on J-STAGE: April 12, 2016
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    This study aims to determine the biomechanical changes and basis for treatment using two surgical methods (scaphotrapeziotrapezoid [STT] fusion and capitoscaphoid [CS] fusion) for stage IIIb lunate necrosis. Eighteen fresh frozen upper extremities of adult cadavers were randomly divided into three groups. In group A, only the radioscaphoid and radiolunate spaces were exposed to place pressure sensors. Groups B and C underwent STT and CS fusion, respectively. The advanced I-scan pressure measurement system was used. Piezoelectric films were placed at the radioscaphoid and radiolunate spaces of wrist joints, and connected to the computerized I-scan system, which was then connected to a biaxial hydraulic material testing system (MTS). Pressure (up to 100 N) was applied to the wrist in inferior neutral position at a 10 N/s compression rate. The pressure distribution, pressure loading, and other data on the radioscaphoid and radiolunate articular surfaces for each sample were dynamically recorded and analyzed. After application of pressure with the wrist in neutral position, the radioscaphoid and radiolunate pressure values of the normal wrist group A were 41.39 ± 6.93 N/cm2 and 39.22 ± 6.61 N/cm2, respectively; those of the STT arthrodesis group B were 83.89 ± 11.27 N/cm2 and 22.55 ± 11.27 N/cm2; and those of the SC arthrodesis group C were 86.45 ± 8.10 N/cm2 and 34.11 ± 8.10 N/cm2. Compared with CS fusion, STT fusion surgery has much greater value in preventing rotatory semidislocation of the scaphoid bone, as well as in maintaining the stability of the wrist. It is the preferred surgical treatment for stage IIIb lunate necrosis.
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Clinical Note
  • Haider Ali Hasan, Mohammad Khursheed Alam, Asilah Yusof, Saeka Matsuda ...
    2016 Volume 25 Issue 2 Pages 219-224
    Published: 2016
    Released on J-STAGE: April 12, 2016
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The purpose of this study was to determine the dimensional accuracy of the linear and angular craniofacial measurements obtained from three dimensional computed tomography (3D CT) images using Mimics V17.0 and InVesalius 3.0 software programs. CT images were taken from archive of Hospital University Sains Malaysia (HUSM) for ten Malaysian patients. The resultant two dimensional (2D) images were stored in Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) format. The segmentation of the images was prepared in Mimics V17.0 and InVesalius 3.0 softwares. Linear and angular measurements were based on craniometric anatomical landmarks pre-defined by the authors and were identified by radiologist. Ten linear and three angular measurements were repeatedly made between identified landmarks on each of the selected ten patients. Each of the linear and angular measurements was repeated 3 times and the average was taken to determine the absolute difference and percent difference between Mimics V17.0 and InVesalius 3.0 softwares. The results demonstrated no statistically significant difference in all linear and angular measurements (P>0.05) performed by two different imaging software programs and obtained from 3D CT images. Mimics and InVesalius craniofacial measurements have the same values.
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