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Takashi Mochizuki
2001 Volume 12 Issue 12-2 Pages
165-166
Published: March 31, 2001
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Takako Sodei
2001 Volume 12 Issue 12-2 Pages
167-171
Published: March 31, 2001
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[in Japanese]
2001 Volume 12 Issue 12-2 Pages
172
Published: March 31, 2001
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Masahiro Yamada, Yasuko Miyasaka
2001 Volume 12 Issue 12-2 Pages
173-174
Published: March 31, 2001
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Takafumi Tanaka
2001 Volume 12 Issue 12-2 Pages
175-183
Published: March 31, 2001
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Household income is decreasing because of the economic recession, educational expenditure is not “sacred precinct”. Using Household Survey, the rate of school expenses to living expenditure is the highest in the 45-49 age group. Also Using Ministry of Education Surveys on school expenses, the heaviest burden to the family is the private university tuition cost, in order of rate, private junior high school, private high school, and national university. Looking at expenditures according to income classes at each education level, they grow as income does, and the largest income group has the biggest share. Recently expenses for new national university students to living expenditure have risen to high levels, but private university students already experienced this 25 years ago. In order to ease household burdens and to equalize educational opportunity, it is desirable to subsidize directly households according to their incomes. We need a new mechanism in which students can borrow money for school expenses from banks or their parents, after graduation they should pay back the money once they start working.
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[in Japanese]
2001 Volume 12 Issue 12-2 Pages
184
Published: March 31, 2001
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Ryoko Kodama
2001 Volume 12 Issue 12-2 Pages
185-196
Published: March 31, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: February 04, 2010
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At present, problems involving children such as bulling, violence and juvenile crime is being discussed as one of the serious social problems. People feel a great interest in the education reform as atool to solve this problem. After the 1980's, the education reform arguments make the problem of the child's heart an important theme. The family is considered to be the cause of the problem of the child's heart, and also to be the key for the solution. Much of the education reform arguments come to interpellate to parents directly for the ideal behavior of the modern family. There existed a development of the same family education policy after the 1920's as well. This age can be said to be the age when the bearer of modern family appeared. Today can be said to be the age when the contradiction of the modern family became distinct. It is unacceptable any more to conceal the contradiction of the modern family and the modern conception of childhood with the modern family ideology again.
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Fumiko Kambara
2001 Volume 12 Issue 12-2 Pages
197-207
Published: March 31, 2001
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In post-war studies of the family, very few focuses on the educational function of this social unit. Recent studies, as well, appear to show very little interest in the socializing function of the family unit or the parent-child relationship. Japan, however, is termed a “school career based society” and in households with pre-adolescent and adolescent children, their education is of major concern. This not only costs a lot in education expenses but affects the lives and lifestyles of the entire family. In this paper, I wish to trace the historical change in the development of the “family that educates”, a phenomenon that arose in the 1910s, and examine the various inherent problems from the standpoint of family sociology, based on an understanding of the present conditions of such families. I will focus on the problems of 1) the sole responsibility of bringing up and educating the child resting with the parents, 2) popularizing and increasing differences of “families that educate”, and 3) their support of an unequal society.
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[in Japanese]
2001 Volume 12 Issue 12-2 Pages
208
Published: March 31, 2001
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[in Japanese]
2001 Volume 12 Issue 12-2 Pages
209
Published: March 31, 2001
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[in Japanese]
2001 Volume 12 Issue 12-2 Pages
210
Published: March 31, 2001
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Importance of Talking about the Experience of Child Abusing
Hiroe Izumi
2001 Volume 12 Issue 12-2 Pages
211-222
Published: March 31, 2001
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In Japanese family studies and child abuse studies, a number of recent researches are focused on “narratives” as personal histories. Especially the perspective of Narrative Therapy, which is based on social constructionism, recently becomes familiar in the field of clinical sociology. This perspective suggests that the therapeutic effects of Narrative Therapy come from revisioning the stories of clients' lives. It has failed, however, to think about “talks” which are not constructed into narratives. In this context, this paper is trying to analyze an interview with a child abusing mother on her mothering practices, which is to make two things clear. Firstly the result of this analysis stresses the importance of the difference between “talks” and “narratives”, which Narrative Therapy has neglected so far. Secondly, one of the causes of child abuse is a kind of obsession with the meaningfulness of all the behavior of her child and with her relation to her child. This obsession is connected with the process of constructing of narratives. These findings are posing some clinical points about Narrative Therapy and a new perspective in order to examine its therapeutic effect.
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From the Analysis of Life-Story of Midlife Women in Contemporary Japan
Junko Nishimura
2001 Volume 12 Issue 12-2 Pages
223-235
Published: March 31, 2001
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“Housewife” is not only an actual category which refers to a woman who has the responsibility of managing housework, but also to an institution constituted of systems of meaning, material structure, and practice which makes a woman take responsibility for housework. By analyzing the life-story of mid-life women, it is revealed that the institution of the housewife is undergoing a kind of “uneasiness” related to being a housewife, and that this uneasiness is directed toward the impossibility of being able to choose to be a housewife, instability of not having any job, and bonds of daily housework, which is influenced by social-historical context such as change of meaning of women's participation to the labor force and value concerning gender division of labor during the period of after high-economic-growth. The sociological study concerning housewife as an institution in contemporary society must describe how the housewife as an institution is formed and changed by focusing on how the choice around being a housewife is undertaken considering the change of social condition and one's social position.
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[in Japanese]
2001 Volume 12 Issue 12-2 Pages
236
Published: March 31, 2001
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A Study of Middle-Age Couples
Kiyomi Inoue
2001 Volume 12 Issue 12-2 Pages
237-246
Published: March 31, 2001
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This study examines the “loneliness” in the family by using data from middle-age couples. And the relation between “loneliness” and “individuation” is considered in this study. Because “individuation” has been raised recently in Japan, clarification of the concept of “individuate tendency and unification in the couple” is a task in the study of couples. The findings are as follows : 1) There are differences in quality between husbands'Ioneliness and wives', and more wives than husbands feel loneliness. 2) Especially, the degree of husbands'dissatisfaction and wives'have a strong influence on loneliness. 3) Behavioral individuate tendency donot have influence on loneliness, but conscious individuate tendency have influence on loneliness.
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NFR and NSFH
Saeko Kikuzawa
2001 Volume 12 Issue 12-2 Pages
247-259
Published: March 31, 2001
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Using National Family Research (1998) and National Survey of Families and Households (1987), both of which include selected items from CES-D, this study explores the cross-national comparability of the distress measurement in the United States and Japan. A set of confirmatory factor analyses shows that two-factor model (depressive affect and physical complaint as two distinct factors) and one-factor model (depressive affect and physical complaint as one factor) fit the two data well. Cultural difference is observed only in the relatively low loadings of depressive affect items in one-factor model for Japan, compared to the results for the United States. Overall, the structure of the measurement is surprisingly similar between the two nations. The results provide evidence for cross-national comparability of the distress measurement based on the selected 10 CES-D items in the United States and Japan.
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[in Japanese]
2001 Volume 12 Issue 12-2 Pages
260
Published: March 31, 2001
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Results of the 1st Preliminary Survey
Noriko Iwai
2001 Volume 12 Issue 12-2 Pages
261-270
Published: March 31, 2001
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Archiving of survey data has been slow in Japan, although many surveys are conducted each year. It has been highly expected that we should have such survey research as the General Social Survey (GSS) in the United States, which covers issues of different disciplines of social sciences, grasps time trends and makes these data available to public use. The project of Japanese General Social Surveys (JGSS) started in 1998 to conduct surveys comparable to the GSS. The first preliminary survey contains many items related to family and gender issues. Since this survey is structured using a split-ballot method, we can examine methodological and measurement issues of typical family questions which have often been used in family surveys. This paper reports effects of different wording or scales on responses ; such as, wording of categories, the use of a balanced or an unbalanced scale, the use of a frequency or a relative housework scale, and the inclusion or exclusion of a middle alternative in family and gender attitude scale.
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Akiko Nagai
2001 Volume 12 Issue 12-2 Pages
271-276
Published: March 31, 2001
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[in Japanese]
2001 Volume 12 Issue 12-2 Pages
277-279
Published: March 31, 2001
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[in Japanese]
2001 Volume 12 Issue 12-2 Pages
280-282
Published: March 31, 2001
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[in Japanese]
2001 Volume 12 Issue 12-2 Pages
283-284
Published: March 31, 2001
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[in Japanese]
2001 Volume 12 Issue 12-2 Pages
285-286
Published: March 31, 2001
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[in Japanese]
2001 Volume 12 Issue 12-2 Pages
287-288
Published: March 31, 2001
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Peng Ito
2001 Volume 12 Issue 12-2 Pages
289-291
Published: March 31, 2001
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[in Japanese]
2001 Volume 12 Issue 12-2 Pages
292-293
Published: March 31, 2001
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