As a fundamental study of continuous desulfurization process, water model experiments were carried out to understand the terminal velocity of refining agents descending in an inclined pipe. The inclination angles measured from the horizontal plane were θ_pi =30°, 45°, 60° and 90°. An effect of the wettability of the agents on the terminal velocity was also investigated. The wettability was evaluated in terms of the contact angle,θ. Experiments were performed forθ =71° (wetted) and 143° (poorly wetted).

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　　　As a fundamental study of the injection-type desulfurization process, water model experiments were carried out to understand the behaviors of refining agents entering a molten iron bath. Two acrylic spheres of different diameters placed very close to each other were dropped onto the water bath surface with a short time delay. Interaction between the spheres on their entry was observed with a high-speed camera. The wettability of the spheres was changed by coating water-repellent material on the surface of them. The contact angle, θ, was chosen to evaluate the wettability. Experiments were performed for θ_c =71° (wetted) and 143° (poorly wetted).

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　　　In order to achieve auto control of a vehicle, the knowledge of frag force acting on an automobile in a line is need. The previous study investigated the drag force acting on the rear and the front test spheres under changing distance between two spheres. In the study, the object shape is planned to be changed from a sphere to a vehicle. The purpose of the study is to investigate a drag force in a difference of a distance between models of automobile. Front automobile and rear one are a truck model and a car model, respectively. The truck model is placed as an obstacle in a flow. Drag force of a car model is measured using a water tunnel in various positions. Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) is used to measure a flow velocity field around an automobile. As a result, the shape effects of a car model and a load model are discussed comparing with the experiment using spheres.

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　　　Energy consumption and CO₂ emission from the iron and steel industry in Japan are each 12.5% in comparison to them of the whole Japan. Blast furnace process occupies a half of them in the iron and steel industry. Improvement of gaseous reduction for iron ore agglomerates at high temperatures is very effective to decrease in energy consumption and CO₂ emission from blast furnace. In the present study, reducibility at high temperatures of 1100, 1150, 1200℃ and observation of pore occlusion by molten slag were investigated with artificial iron ore agglomerates including CaO and SiO₂, of which have micro pores, macro pores and a penetrated hole.
　　　Influence of the melt formation on the reducibility is very strong, and the reduction rate at 1100℃ is faster than them at 1150 and 1200℃ although the reduction rate constant is more fast in proportion to temperature up. At 1200℃, macro pores become isolation pores by melt. On the other hand, a penetrated hole with 1 or 2mm is not closed by melt, and improves the reducibility. Penetrated hole is very effective to improve the reducibility of iron ore agglomerates at high temperature zones with melt formation.

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　　　The present paper describes a method for evaluating the relation between damage property and mechanical property of short glass fiber reinforced SMC. SMC composites that the content of randomly oriented short glass fiber was 19 and 22.5 weight% were tested. Bending strength and elastic modulus were evaluated through the three point bending test using material testing equipment about as is and damaged SMC. Damaged SMC was made by our developed pressure vessel type testing equipment. Bending strength and elastic modulus decrease with an increase in internal pressure of pressure vessel. We evaluated effect of repeated load testing on mechanical and damage property of SMC too. The evaluation of damage properties was investigated by observing the damage zone near the bending fracture face with digital microscope. Damage extension behavior of SMC ware considered a major cause of detachment of grass fiber from plastic matrix.

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　　　A pseudo blackbody surface with an area of 20mm × 20mm was designed and fabricated for estimation of radiation transfer through a finite cross sectional area. It was confirmed that the surface was nearly equal to the perfect diffuse surface (Lambert’s surface) through experiments on directional emission of radiation. In this case, it was revealed that since a finite small area which emits radiation entering into a solid angle for detection was increased with emission angle by an inverse cosine function when the solid angle was fixed, the directional emission didn’t change with respect to emission angle. In addition, the pseudo blackbody surface could be transferred from a position at an open exit of the blackbody furnace to a forwarded position using a wave guide with a high reflectance ( > 0.98) mirror and a high aspect ratio between the length and width (width / length > 0.4).

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　　　On railroad tracks, in order to improve a riding comfortability and a noise suppression, the introduction of long rail is advanced in recent years. However, because a long rail is concluded on the long section, the elasticity of the rail accompanying a temperature change is restrained and consequently an axial stress generates. In case of the big axial stress, there is a possibility of causing a buckling and a tension fracture in railroad rail. In this study, we carried out the basic examination for applying a surface SH-wave acoustoelastic method to the stress measurement as an axial stress management of railroad long rails. This method is able to measure the stress of metallic materials nondestructively, even if the initial value, an acoustic anisotropy by the texture, is unknown. A T-type surface SH-wave sensor was improved for the railroad rail and the residual stress measurement in a 50 kgN rail being used for long rails of conventional lines was tried. As the result, it was demonstrated that this sensor was able to measure the residual stress nondestructively by comparing with a strain gage testing. Moreover, in order to measure the axial stress of a long rail, the side of head of the rail has been found out as a suitable measurement point which is unaffected by residual stress. On the other hand, considering the effect of thickness of the rail, it was found that the axial stress in a railroad long rail would be able to measure accurately by compensating acoustoelasticity coefficient.

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　　　 One of the characteristics of the microbubble is reduction of frictional pressure drop. However, the reduction mechanisms have not been completely clarified yet. In the present study, the microbubble was generated by the swirling flow method (S.F.M) and the pressurized dissolution method (P.D.M) and Reynolds number was varied from 11000 to 35000 at 10, 20, 30 °C in a horizontal channel. The frictional pressure drop, bubble diameter, mean velocity distribution and components of turbulent fluctuation were measured. The conclusions are as follows: (1) The averaged bubble diameter was about 30 μm (Q_G = 0 ml/min), 35 μm (Q_G = 40 ml/min), 43 μm (Q_G = 80 ml/min) in the S.F.M and it was about 30 μm in the P.D.M. (2) The frictional pressure drop of microbubble flow generated by the S.F.M decreased about 3~7 % from single phase flow, but the frictional pressure drop of the P.D.M increased in almost all experimental conditions. (3) Microbubble had no influence on mean velocity distribution during presented experiment. (4) The occurrence of increase and decrease between frictional pressure drop and turbulent fluctuation －u'v' were the same in many cases, but it is important to measure at the nearest wall. (5) The presented frictional pressure drop conditions around the boundary of the transition diagram didn't correspond to the transition diagram. It is suggested that the boundaries of transition have certain regions.

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　　　Recently, a study to evaluate the optical properties of wearing contact lens has begun to improve the quality of vision (QOV). Because soft contact lens (SCL) is composed of a soft material, it deforms along the cornea when it is worn on the eye. Therefore, it is necessary for the study of QOV to develop a method to measure SCL shape of the soft material. In this study, the shape of SCL in a saline was measured by laser slit light. As a result, the measurements became almost same as value of standard of SCL. Front curve and shape of the bevel region which are non-publication were also measured.

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　　　Recently, a study to evaluate the optical properties of wearing CL has begun to improve the quality of vision. The soft contact lens (SCL) consists of an optics region, intermediate region and bevel, which improves the wearing feeling mainly. Because soft contact lens is composed of a soft material, it is deformed along the cornea when it is worn on the eye. In the present report, the shape of the commercial SCL is measured firstly by the light-section method. Then, the shape change of wearing SCL is calculated using a finite element method. At the end, influence on the lens diopter of the shape change of the SCL was investigated by CODE V. As a result, the focal length shortened by a shape change of SCL, and in the case of a lens of -6 Diopter, the lens changed than the diopter unit (0.25D) of production.

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　　　A simultaneous measurement system for measuring the concentration fluctuations of three species by the light absorption spectrometric method using laser diodes is developed in this study. Conventional methods utilize halogen lamps as a light source for concentration measurements, and multi-monochrometers are needed for these methods. Thus, conventional methods are expensive. By using laser diodes as the light source, multi-monochrometers can be omitted. A diffusion field consisting of three dye species in an axisymmetric turbulent jet was measured by the present concentration measurement system. To ascertain the validity of the concentration measurements, we compared the present measurement results with those of a single dye species and previous studies. It was observed that the concentrations of the three dye species were measured accurately by the present measuring system. Therefore, such low-cost concentration measurement systems can be developed, and these systems can be used in various simultaneous measurements of concentration fluctuations of multiple species such as turbulent reactive flows.

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　　　Effects of microbubbles on germination and growth in deep flow technique of spinach (Spinacia oleracea) were investigated. In the germination experiment, four experiment plots; (1) underwater germination with microbubble water plot (MB plot), (2) underwater germination with aerated water plot (Aeration plot), (3) underwater germination with water plot (Water plot), (4) germination on wet cotton plot (Control plot), were used. Two hundred individuals were germinated for each plot. Germination rate of MB plot after 7 days was about twice as high as that of Aeration plot and Control plot. In the growth experiment, three experiment plots; (1) tenth solution concentration water with microbubble plot (MB plot), (2) tenth solution concentration water plot (Aeration plot), (3) full solution concentration water plot (Control plot), were used. Twelve individuals were grown for each plot. Leaves weight of MB plot was as much as that of Control plot. In contrast, plant physiological disorders appeared in all plants of Aeration plot. Multi-element determination revealed that K concentration of Aeration plot was lower than that of the others plots. These results indicate that microbubbles contribute to the plants absorbing the nutrient from roots.

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