In Japan, elderly population aged 65 years or older, accounts for 29.1％ of the total population, which is the best aging rate in the world. Now, one in five citizens can suffer from diabetes or be suspected as diabetes. Thus, it is not too much to say that diabetes is a national disease. Moreover, aging of diabetes has been rapidly progressed since the patients with diabetes aged 60 years or older, account for 76％ of the total patients. The goal of diabetes care has been an inhibition of the onset and development of diabetic complications through a well-controlled status of hyperglycemia, hypertension and dyslipidemia in addition to the maintenance of ideal body weight and the compliance of smoke-free policy. A recent great advance in medical therapy and evidence regarding an inhibition of the cardio-vascular events and kidney protection have surely led diabetes care to the goal. We have to overcome the comorbidities such as sarcopenia and frail caused by aging, the stigma, social disadvantages and discrimination derived from diabetes to implement the ultimate goal of diabetes care to pursue a life expectancy and quality of daily life that are not different from those of a healthy person.

　【Background】Since Helicobacter pylori (HP) is a major cause of gastric cancer, it is important to accurately identify HP infection. With regard to HP serum antibody titers, the Latex method is more often used than the ELISA method for HP serum antibody titer determination due to its simplicity. On the other hand, false positive Latex test results are considered to be common. We report on our experience with HP serum antibody titers at our hospital.

　【Method and Subjects】We enrolled patients who visited our health medical center and underwent endoscopy during the same period in Fiscal Year (FY) 2019 and FY 2020, and measured their HP serum antibody titers by both the ELISA and Latex methods.

　【Results】（1）When the results were ELISA negative and Latex positive, there was a significant difference in being female and having gastric mucosal atrophy.（2）When the results in HP-uninfected women were ELISA negative and Latex positive, significant differences were observed.（3）Among the past-HP infection cases that were Latex positive, female and younger patients were predominant.

　【Conclusions】Female gender was an important factor influencing the occurrence of false positive results in the Latex test.

　Background: Hyperuricemia in working-aged people in Japan is thought to have undergone major changes with the westernization of the dietary habits of its population.

　Objectives and Methods: A total of 4544 employees were enrolled in the study. Levels of hyperuricemia with or without treatment and their relationship with work category were investigated, as was their association with other cardiovascular risk factors such as age, BMI, blood pressure, HbA1c, LDL-C, and eGFR.

　Results: 1) The mean uric acid level was 5.9 ± 1.2 mg/dL, and there was no difference between age groups. Hyperuricemia (＞ 7.0 mg/dL) was observed in almost 19％ of workers in all categories; the percentage of train operators with extremely high uric acid levels ( ＞ 8.0 mg/dL; 5.1％) was significantly higher than that among engineers, however (3.0％ ; p ＜ 0.05). 2) The eGFR was significantly lower in the hyperuricemia group than in the normal uric acid group (p ＜ 0.001). There was also a significant positive correlation between uric acid and BMI (r ＝ 0.23) and a significant negative correlation between uric acid and eGFR (r＝－ 0.24) in the notreatment group; these correlations were not found in the under-treatment group, however. 3) There were no significant differences in terms of comorbidity among uric acid levels, except for diabetes mellitus, which was significantly less frequent in the no-treatment high uric acid group. In the under-treatment group, on the other hand, hypertension, dyslipidemia, chronic kidney disease, and liver dysfunction were found frequently. 4) Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that only hypertension and chronic kidney disease were independent risk factors for hyperuricemia.

　Conclusion: Hyperuricemia is closely associated with other cardiovascular risk factors and influenced by occupation and treatment. Measures to promote the health of employees based on the results of the present study are urgently needed.

　Background: Brain training tasks are perfomed to prevent dementia. Since the effect of brain activation with brain training tasks depends on the type of tasks and the individual's interest or ability, it is necessary to evaluate the effectiveness of the tasks for maintaining and improving cognitive functions.

　Objective: We analyze the relationship between the changes in the cerebral blood volume measured by functional near-infrared spectroscopy and the task load indexes to evaluate the effect of brain training tasks.

　Methods: Three types of tasks for promoting brain activity were selected from brain training free mini games (https://notore.weclo.net). Those are figure quantity (Task A), Japanese hiragana character quantity (Task B), and day of the week mental arithmetic (Task C). The changes in the cerebral blood volume (CBV) during brain training tasks were measured at the frontal forehead using 16-channel fNIRS equipment. The averaged integral value of CBV used as the index of brain activity. Subjects completed a questionnaire prepared based on NASATLX. There are five types of evaluation indexes: mental demand (MD), temporal demand (TD), own performance (OP), effort (EF), and frustration level (FR). Each index is evaluated on a 5-point scale by paired comparison.

　Results: The average correct answer rate and the average number of answers were high in Task A. Both the CBV and all TLX indexes have low values for Task A and high values for Tasks B and C. The relationship between CBV and tasks and the relationship between the cognitive workload and tasks were matched in nine out of ten cases.

　Conclusion: Further evaluation of the relationship between CBV and the workload TLX indexes may be helpful in selecting brain training tasks.