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Case study of Hinokio Tunnel (Phase II) Project on the Kochi Highway
Hiroji KASAMATSU, Kiyoshi OGAWA, Shouji ITO, Shinichi AZETAKA, Hiromit ...
2003 Volume 13 Pages
309-314
Published: November 17, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: June 27, 2011
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The Japan Highway Public Corporation (JH) uses steel-fiber-reinforced concrete for tunneling projects in ground category D, for the purpose of preventing tunnel inner lining from spalling, and achieving better durability. Since the JH specifies the use of both reinforcing steel bars and steel-fiber-reinforced concrete for construction of tunnel portals, we developed self-compacting steel-fiber-reinforced concrete, and made trial and permanent placements, aimed at improving quality and work efficiency of the inner lining. The concrete developed was proved to compactly fill the forms, without needing compaction, thereby contributing to improving quality and work efficiency of the inner lining. This paper reports the characteristics of the self-compacting steel-fiber-reinforced concrete developed and construction results.
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Katsunori FUKUI, Seisuke OKUBO, Takayuki YOSHINO, Ichiro KOSAKI
2003 Volume 13 Pages
315-320
Published: November 17, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: June 27, 2011
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Effective utilization of tunnel muck was discussed. In the system proposed by the authors, the muck is reused as concrete aggregate and the muck waste is considerably reduced. This muck utilization system was examined from economical and technical viewpoint. As the results of carefully investigation of tunnel muck, it was found that relatively small particle was short and the shape was not appropriate to concrete aggregate. Therefore the tunnel muck cannot be used directly as concrete aggregate and, at least, a simple crushing plant with an impact crasher and screens is necessary. The muck was gathered in a tunnel and several experiments and testing including crushing, sieving and quality verification were conducted to obtain the data required to discuss the feasibility of this system. Finally, it was found that utilization of tunnel muck as concrete aggregate is possible with reasonable benefit.
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Katumi OHKUBO, Manabu KATAYOSE, Takatosi NEGI, Kenji SUGIYAMA, Katsuro ...
2003 Volume 13 Pages
321-326
Published: November 17, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: June 27, 2011
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A new shotcrete system using slurry type accelerator has been proposed as a solution of dust problem in tunneling. The slurry type accelerator is prepared by adding water continuously to a powder type accelerator through a pipeline-equipment. This process could be effective to reduce the direct powder jet from the shooting nozzle. The new shotcrete system was applied to the 6th Shizuoka Tunnel, a part of the New Tomei Highway. The effects of the new system were verified through field tests and practical application. It is concluded that the system is effective not only for dust reduction but also for stable strength development not affected by seasonal variation.
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Kenichi FUMIMURA, Michito SHIMO
2003 Volume 13 Pages
327-332
Published: November 17, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: June 27, 2011
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Recently, an environmental impact on water resources due to tunnel excavation is becoming one of the serious issues associated with tunnel construction. The authors have developed a computer aided system to predict tunnel water inflow as well as the possible dewatered area during and after construction of a tunnel. The developed system uses a conventional approach, so called Takahashi's method. By utilizing GIS, Geographic Information System, the evaluation processes, such as watershed delineation and calculation of influenced area, are conducted semi-automatically. The system does not require professional knowledge on topographic analysis and the tunnels at any location can be analyzed using a built-in DEM (Digital Elevation Model) data covering whole Japan. The reliability of the developed system was confirmed by using an example of a real tunnel shown in the Takahashi's paper.
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Katumi OOKUBO, Manabu KATAYOSE, Naoji OGAWA, Kazuyoshi YAMAMOTO, Hirit ...
2003 Volume 13 Pages
333-338
Published: November 17, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: June 27, 2011
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In Japan, alkali-free liquid accelerator have been added to shotcrete only for testing purposes. This is because the quick setting ingredients used in Japanese cement are different from those used in European cement. This paper describes the process by which alkali-free liquid accelerator became commercially practical for use in shotcrete made with Japanese cement.
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Hidekatsu FUJIMOTO, Masaki TSUBOUCHI, Yuji NAKAI, Kiyoshi FUJISAKI, Te ...
2003 Volume 13 Pages
339-342
Published: November 17, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: June 27, 2011
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The “Guideline for the measures against dust generated in tunnel construction” decided by the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare in December 2000 shows control measures at generation source, target level of the dust concentrarion as 3mg/m
3.
To investigate effective means to reduce generating dust, dust reducing agent and slurried accelerator were applied to the tunnel under construction and some tests were carried out. In result, both means were effective to reduce the amount of generating dust.
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Hiroyoshi KASA, Kazuhiro KOIZUMI, Masaharu INAGAKI
2003 Volume 13 Pages
343-348
Published: November 17, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: June 27, 2011
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Impulse acoustic method using by hummer is applied generally for sounding of tunnel lining in japan. Automated impulse acoustic sounding system for tunnel lining was developed. The system consist of hitting unit, supporting unit and acoustic analysis unit, and the system was set up on the vehicles. Some kinds of experiments for function of the system were carried on actual tunnels or sham test facilities. As the results, they were clarified the system was able to obtain reproducible data sufficiently and the system could find damaged lining area exactly.
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Yasuhiko HAKOISHI, Hideto MASHIMO, Toshiaki ISHIMURA, Satoshi MORIMOTO
2003 Volume 13 Pages
349-354
Published: November 17, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: June 27, 2011
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The installation of inner concrete reinforcement lining within the damaged lining of existing tunnels that are still in service, will be one of the methods for extending the design life, the gradual deterioration of the structures and they require on-going maintenance. However, their reinforcement mechanism has not yet been clarified and they rational design methology has not yet been established.
In this paper, the load-carrying capacity and the failure behavior, that were obtained and observed by the carrying test of the full-scale specimens for real tunnel, are shown in case of inner concrete reinforcement lining. And a couple of notes regarding reinforcement mechanism of those reinforcements are discussed.
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Takahiro SUGIURA, Osamu NAKANO, Kunihiko SUGIYAMA, Kazuhiro KOIZUMI, N ...
2003 Volume 13 Pages
355-358
Published: November 17, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: June 27, 2011
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Laser imaging method has been applied to draw up the crack development instead of man-made tunnel inspection. However, with the existing state, laser imaging method is applied only for the observation of tunnel lining surface, or applied limitedly for above the level of the spring line. We have pay attention to the full-rotating laser scanning method which has an ability to measure the state such as cracks, temperature distributions, of the whole tunnel lining surface included floors and tunnel cross sections, and studied an application for the road tunnel.
The effectiveness of this method to the tunnel inspection and management, has been confirmed through the above mentioned results. Furthermore, this method is able to apply water tunnel and shed.
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Takahiro SUGIURA, Susumu HARA, Chikara YOSHIDA, Masaki MINAKAWA, Kazun ...
2003 Volume 13 Pages
359-364
Published: November 17, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: June 27, 2011
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The establishment of measuring techniques and the efficiency of thermography judgement for soundness, that is useful for the detection of scaling concrete, has been studied with application to the tunnel lining concrete which has poor temperature changing. It evaluated by the infrared images with active heating and their changing.
The result from the analysis was coincidence with the result from the concrete hitting sound inspection, and operation time would be equivalent to that inspection. By this way, scaling within 50mm depth has been detected. Thermography judgement for soundness is expected as a practicable method with further study and research.
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Mituhiro FUJII, Yujing JIANQ, Yoshihiko TANABASI, Shigetaka IDENAGA
2003 Volume 13 Pages
365-370
Published: November 17, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: June 27, 2011
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The exfoliation accident of concrete in tunnels has occurred in recent years, and it argues about the state of maintenance management. Although it is necessary to understand the performance of tunnel that is contributed by the designers, the rational maintenance management has not been clarified due to the indefinite factors in the design stage. In this study, a database for the management of road tunnels in Nagasaki is developed by using GIS which is linked with the deformation prediction system.
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Satoshi OHBA, Katsumi KAMEMURA, Yoshiyuki SHIGETA, Masato SHINJI, Koji ...
2003 Volume 13 Pages
371-376
Published: November 17, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: June 27, 2011
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The evaluation of tunnel lining degradation state is commonly conducted by engineers directly on the site. However, it is uneasy works. Moreover the degree of health judgment has not been clear whether it is made systematically or rationally. In this research, quantification of tunnel lining degradation degree has been tried from crack tensor based on rock mechanics engineering. The results were compared to the one outcome from the degree of health. It has shown that the crack tensor and the degree of health have a correlation, therefore it may be used as a tool in maintenance management work.
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Masahiro MIYAZAWA, Shigeki KITAGAWA, Masamichi ICHIHARA, Setsuo ITO
2003 Volume 13 Pages
377-382
Published: November 17, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: June 27, 2011
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The researcher is doing the research and the analysis concerning the cost of the life cycle ofthe structure (LCC: Life Cycle Cost) in the inside and the civil engineering with which an economic situation is severe. LCC is minimized, and, for this, as for deterioration and durability, an appropriate evaluation is necessary forthe purpose of the research.
It is difficult in respect of the technology and cost for the existing structure under use to maintain, to update so that an underground structure may receive a spatial restriction, and to construct an alternative structure newly. Therefore, it can be said that it is especially important for an underground structure to handle durability and LCC reasonably.
In this research, to construct the method of calculating LCC of the shield tunnel, we quantitatively propose the evaluation method about deterioration and the durability of the shield tunnel. In this thesis, we report on these evaluation methods and examples of calculating LCC.
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Toshio NOJIRI, Naruhiko KAWADA, Masami KANZAKI, Yutaka KURAMOCHI, Juni ...
2003 Volume 13 Pages
383-388
Published: November 17, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: June 27, 2011
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The Central Circular Shinjyuku Route of the Metropolitan Expressway is planned under the arterial road (Ring Road No.6) in downtown Tokyo. The tunnel is planned to be constructed by the shield method, however the abandoned utility tunnel exists in the same alignment for about 1-km. Since the area is heavily congested and surrounded by the important structures, a conventional cut-and-cover method can't be adopted to remove the existing tunnel. Thus, donut-shaped backfill shield is developed to remove the existing tunnelwithout causing adverse effects on the surface. Design of the back fill shield and the sequence of the existing tunnel removal procedure are introduced in this report.
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Hiroshi DOBASHI, Naruhiko KAWADA, Akira SHIRATORI, Hiroyuki YAMANAKA, ...
2003 Volume 13 Pages
389-394
Published: November 17, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: June 27, 2011
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In the Central Circular Shinjuku Route of Tokyo Metropolitan Expressway, the “Cut-and-cover and cut-and-open method for shield tunnels” is fully applied for the construction of its ramps andjunction sections. This method is executed as follows; 1) Two parallel shield tunnels are constructed independently. 2) The ramps or junction sections are constructed by connecting between the RC frame bodies of the sectionsand the partially removed steel segmental linings of the two tunnels.
In the following text, we report on the outlines of the “Cut-and-cover and cut-and-open method for shield tunnels” and of the design method for steel segmental linings of the two tunnels.
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Katunobu ISHIMURA, Hideto MASHIMO, Toshiaki ISHIMURA
2003 Volume 13 Pages
395-400
Published: November 17, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: June 27, 2011
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The segment costs form a large proportion of total tunnel construction, and that cost reduction is becoming a big issue. It is important to estimate the section force for the design which occurs at the stage in the process of assembling the segments correctly, because it account for almost one-half the total section force. In this paper, investigation about the segment behavior at the stage in the process of assembling segments were carried out on the basis of field measurement and numerical analysis were also carried out to establish the analysis model for the design.
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Kaoru IWAMOTO, Yoshihiro IZU, Takeyasu MAEKAWA, Isao FUNAKAWA
2003 Volume 13 Pages
401-406
Published: November 17, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: June 27, 2011
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“The multi-hinge segment”, in which the joint structure of the shield tunnel segment is simplified, is improved in economy, in construction and in durability, compared with the joint of the traditional style.
In our last report, it is proved by the analysis that in the seismic behavior the joint with lower rigidity more advantageous than the joint with higher rigidity. The nylon joint, which we intend to use as the ring-joint for the multi-hinge segment, does not need bolting, but can be connected to it by just pushing in with a jack. In this report, the experiments in pushing in, pulling out, and shearing by using the real joint clarified the mechanical properties of joint.
The test specimen with nylon joint behaved well in shear and flexural performance, and showed large ductility. The report also refers to the method of designing the multi-hinge segment.
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Hitoshi TAJIMA, Masahiko KISHIDA, Naruhiko KAWADA, Yasunori KOBAYASHI, ...
2003 Volume 13 Pages
407-412
Published: November 17, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: June 27, 2011
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In cases where a parallel shield tunnel is driven along an existing tunnel, the excavation of the new tunnel induces changes in stress occurring around the existing tunnel. In designing a parallel shield tunnel, therefore, it is necessary to examine the influence of parallel shield tunnel excavation on the adjacent tunnel. The influence of parallel shield tunneling is often analyzed by the finite element method (FEM). There is as yet no well-established method, however, of finite element analysis of large-cross-section shield tunnels, and actual tunnel behavior has not yet been elucidated, either. In this study, FEM is used for fitting to field measurement results in order to obtain basic data for establishing a design method for large-cross-section shield tunnels, whose construction is expected in the years to come.
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Kazuo NISHIJIMA, Mitsuru SHIMIZU, Akiyuki WATANABE, Motoaki KURISU
2003 Volume 13 Pages
413-416
Published: November 17, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: June 27, 2011
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In recent years, many underpass structures of railroad such as urban transport and water pipes have been planned and constructed. In constructing an underpass structure of railroad, the method should be safety, low-priced and quickly. From these points, we developed the HEP & JES method. This time, we carried out the survey about the execution characteristic at the time of element hauling. We report about the traction of the element in this manuscript.
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Ikuo FUJIKI, Yuji SUETOMI, Taketoshi OGINO, Tsutomu OTSUKA
2003 Volume 13 Pages
417-422
Published: November 17, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: June 27, 2011
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The four shield tunnel between stations and one station part shield tunnel (triple multiface shield) were constructed between Suitengumae and Oshiage stations of the Teito Rapid Transit Authority No.11 Line (Hanzomon line).
In consideration of the equipment installation space of character of soil for excaved, and start base, slurry and slurry-earth-pressure shield driving method were adopted.
Since it became excavation of adoption of the first slurry-earth-pressure shield in a corporation, construction of the single track parallel shield by slurry and slurry-earth-pressure, and a soft ground, while performing measurement of ground deformation in the initial drivesection of each shield and determining the suitable control values, the construction actual result of a large-section shields were accumulated.
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Masaki YUGUCHI, Kenichi KANEKO, Yutaka OOHATA, Katsumi MONDEN, Masanor ...
2003 Volume 13 Pages
423-428
Published: November 17, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: June 27, 2011
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We are developing a new technique of building a large tunnel by piling up small shield tunnels, as a way ofmaking underpasses at the intersection between a railway and a roadway, or between two roadways.
A tunnel is divided into several sections as if mouthpiece of a harmonica and each section is built individually, and then they are connected together. The miniaturization of machines makes it possible to build a tunnel which is shallow ground. Moreover, during the execution it does not significantly damages the ground, because of its cross-sectional structure. Since they are built partly, it eases traffic congestion. It is also suitable for a long distance or a curve-lined section.
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Koichi SASAKI, Shuzo ABE, Yoshinori SHINDO, Jyunji KAWASHIMA, Masao KA ...
2003 Volume 13 Pages
429-434
Published: November 17, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: June 27, 2011
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The shield tunnel project in TSUKUBA EXPRESS line adopted the method using wide-width RC segments for part of efforts to reduce project cost. The results of pre-analysis and experiment confirmed that its safty was by no means inferior to normal-width RC segments if designed properly.
However, Kotobuki tunnel project had concerns about the adverse effects on wide-width RC segments by the construction load due to the sharp curved line in hard soil conditions.
This text reports the results of the construction in Kotobuki tunnel and points to be considered in the applic -ation of wide-width RC segments in the sharp curved line.
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Hitoshi YAMADA, Shigeki KITAGAWA, Kenji NODA, Takaomi MORI
2003 Volume 13 Pages
435-440
Published: November 17, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: June 27, 2011
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Large Depth Underground Use is one of the future main direction of social infrastructure construction, and this background assigns the important role to the shield tunneling method. However, its application into large depth underground requires the development of long-distance high-speed construction technology, improvement in the durability of lining, cost curtailment, etc.-- We developed the new segment using the direction insertion type cotter formula joint of an axis (slide cotter) aiming at improvement in the speed, cost curtailment, and the formation of inside flat and smooth. This paper describes that the satisfactory result of practical examination for the aptitude to real construction of this new segment. In the concrete, the joint bending examination was carried out on the load conditions near the actual size assembly examination (3, 650mm of segment outer diameters) and real construction by the shield system.
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Hiroyuki KAWAGUCHI, Toshimitsu ASO, Takeshi MORITA, Maho NISHIOKA
2003 Volume 13 Pages
441-446
Published: November 17, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: June 27, 2011
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This paper describes the fire resistance tests of full-scale thickness specimens in order to understand the fire resistance efficiency of SFRC lining for the ECL tunneling method. We compared the fire resistance efficiency of the SFRC lining and the RC segment, and clarified the effect of the steel fiber and the reinforcing bar. Rapid heating experiments of various concrete test pieces were done, and the SFRC lining and the RC segment which have full-scale thickness were experimented without fire proofing cover on the surfaces exposed to high temperature. The damage level of the lining surface due to explosive spalling, the temperature distribution in each lining, the residual compressive strength of the concrete and the crack situations etc. were compared.
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Takayuki IWAI, Yasuo MORI, Tadanori YAMAMOTO, Ikuhide TOKAMI
2003 Volume 13 Pages
447-452
Published: November 17, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: June 27, 2011
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In order to verify the performance of the method of construction sprayed mortar on the lining surface partially as flaking preventive measures of the established tunnel lining concrete which deteriorated, indoor experiment and examination are performed. Push out test was carried out using the concrete board sprayed the quick-setting polymer cement mortar of three centimeters in thickness, and FEM analysis was carried out on the basis of the test result. Moreover, the simple oscillating experiment was conducted supposing a train passing immediately after the construction in a business route, and change of the adhesion intensity of mortar was checked. Consequently, efficient construction is possible and it turns out that it is satisfactory also about safety and durability.
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Shinji KONISHI, Yutaka SATO, Katsumi KAMEMURA, Michihiro HORI, Chino H ...
2003 Volume 13 Pages
453-456
Published: November 17, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: June 27, 2011
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Effective railway tunnel maintenance methodology has been requested since transport investment for new lines are restricted in Japan. Especially, development of methodology for asset management at market price basis or financial engineering may accelerates effective and rational maintenance policy. In this paper, risk assessment for a railway tunnel has been carried out. Results of total costs and risk variation are useful data for the judgment of maintenance policy.
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Shingo HASEGAWA, Shoji KATO, Seiji TAMITSU, Yutaro KOYANAGI, Masami SE ...
2003 Volume 13 Pages
457-462
Published: November 17, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: June 27, 2011
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We should grasp the loose area on far side of tunnel which leakage of water effect in order to frame the repairing plan for the tunnel. We developed the pierced test system by the hydraulic pressure anyone is able to carry. Tip bearing capacity tends to increase on a penetration at any point, as a result of the test it the tunnel which is used by the system. We indicate the result by the pierced test system is appropriate This system seems to be able to grasp what extent the loose area on far side of tunnel is developing.
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Takashi KAWAI, Jyunichi YOTSUMOTO, Hideki SHIMADA, Kikuo MATSUI
2003 Volume 13 Pages
463-468
Published: November 17, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: June 27, 2011
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The cost reduction and environmental protection are large social problems under severe finance. Hume-pipe jacking has been created as the result of pursuing the theme of environment trendy and cost reduction. Making installation piping as outer shell of excavation machine had long been thought impossible, but adopting composite pipe consisting of an outer steel pipe with an internal PC concrete pipe enabled the installation pipe used as the excavation machine with its high strength.
This allows the pipe-jacking directly arrive at an existing shield tunnel or manhole, not requiring the construction of a recovery shaft for the equipment. Furthermore, since the unit is re-usable, 10 to 20% of cost reduction becomes possible.
The method causes no noise and traffic troubles to the local residents and is corresponding to the environment issues.
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Mitsuru KUROKAWA, Kumicazu TANAKA, Masaru IIZUMI, Takashi KUHARA, Ryun ...
2003 Volume 13 Pages
469-474
Published: November 17, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: June 27, 2011
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A shaft tunnel driven by pipe jacking was adopted in order to provide ventilation to the Imaigawa underground reservoir tunnel under the national highway in Yokohama, Japan, which has been temporarily in service since 2001. Downward excavation of the 2000mm ID ventilation tunnel starts from ground surface and reaches to the crown of the existing 10800mm ID reservoir tunnel, which is located 87.8m deep, through the stiff clay layer. Depression angle of the tunnel is set as 75.6 degree, and pore water pressure at the arrival is 0.66MPa. This project is one of the largest in this type of tunnels in Japan.
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Upward excavation of a pilot shaft using the sealed type excavator
Fumihiro Anada, Katsuyuki Nishida, Kazuhiro Ohsaka, Satoshi Fukuyo, Ke ...
2003 Volume 13 Pages
475-478
Published: November 17, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: June 27, 2011
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In Shika Nuclear Power Plant Unit No.2, cooling seawater from the condenser is planned to be discharged through the undersea tunnel, as well as Unit No.1.
The vertical shaft between the tunnel tip and the outlet caisson was constructed from the tunnel. The pilot shaft was excavated upward from the tunnel to the outlet caisson after grouting, and then was expanded to diameter of 6m. A tightly water sealed type excavator was used to excavate the pilot shaft to ensure safety and workability.
This paper describes the results of upward excavation of the pilot shaft using the sealed type excavator.
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Taking a step to uplift force and monitoring under chemical grouting
Kazunobu Miyagishi, Fumihiro Anada, Kazuhiro Ohsaka, Sadatoshi Ohmori, ...
2003 Volume 13 Pages
479-484
Published: November 17, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: June 27, 2011
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In Shika Nuclear Power Plant Unit No.2, cooling seawater from the condenser is planned to be discharged through the undersea tunnel, as well as Unit The vertical shaft connecting the tunnel tip to the outlet caisson was planned to be constructed from the tunnel in consideration of cost benefit and weather condition on the site.
Before constructing the vertical shaft, we injected upward from the tunnel tip to the outlet caisson for dewatering. To prevent the outlet caisson from moving by the grouting pressure, we installed ground anchors and monitored the behavior of them.
This paper describes the action and the results of uplift force by the grouting pressure.
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Eiji SAKAI, Tomo MORITA, Hideki SHIMADA, Kikuo MASTUI
2003 Volume 13 Pages
485-490
Published: November 17, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: June 27, 2011
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Box-type-excavating-machine has been developed for structuring of big space in congested underground. This construction-site has a big shield sewer pipe with a diameter of 6, 600 mm above a new planning railroad tunnel. Using this box-type-machine, underpath structure had to be constructed with limitlessly looseness underground and structures of established life infrastructure.
A new box tunnel is 18m wide 10m high and 15m long. 68 pieces of 85cm and 87cm iron square box were installed by pipe-jacking method to construct retaining wall.
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Yutaka SATO, Katsuaki IRIUCHIJIMA
2003 Volume 13 Pages
491-494
Published: November 17, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: June 27, 2011
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Current backfill materials for shield tunneling are mixed with very high water cement ratio, often exceeding 200% to 300%. Those high water containing materials are easily consolidated and decrease its volume, which may cause ground loss. In the meantime, railway industry disposes huge amount of used paper tickets in daily basis and considerable cost is required for its recycling. This paper presents reuse of the train tickets for the backfill material. It is achieved both improving material properties and decreasing undesirable emission with the mixture containing the shredded tickets.
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Atsushi HONDO, Shigemori KUROKI, Takatomi SAKURAI, Akio TAKAHASHI, Aki ...
2003 Volume 13 Pages
495-500
Published: November 17, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: June 27, 2011
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The demand for binocular tunnels is increasing recently because of construction conditions in the suburbs. The drifts advanced method is popular as a construction method of binocular tunnels. This tunneling method has some advantages of large bearings for bending moments and vertical loads. But this method includes some weak points of long period and complex works. This paper shows a design method of binocular tunnels without drifts conquering these weak points on the past experiences.
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Masayasu HISATAKE, Shiro OHNO, Masaki KIMURA, Satoshi TORII, Hidenobu ...
2003 Volume 13 Pages
501-506
Published: November 17, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: June 27, 2011
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In order to assess the tunnel face stability and to estimate the ground settlements near the face quantitatively, a dynamic analysis has been conducted by taking the continuous and discontinuous mechanisms of the ground into account. The excavation process of the tunnel face, which gives big influence on the face stability, is taken into account in the analysis. The safety assessment equation, which has been proposed by one of the authors and verified through several field data, supports the appropriateness of the stability assessment results obtained by the analysis. The effects of pipe roof to stabilize the face and to decrease the settlements of the ground surface are made clear.
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