[in Japanese]

View full abstract

Flight simulators have been used as pilot training device since soon after the first powered flight. Now a days, fidelity of flight simulation is as high as most of the flight training can be performed without actual flight. This article outlines history and technology of flight simulator and describes how it is used in pilot training.

View full abstract

In the analytic model of a human error, there are the SHEL model, the m-SHEL model, and the P-mSHELL model. The last paper presented the St-mSELL model as an analytic model of a human error. The St-mSELL model basic condition to make the St-mSELL model function is to achieve the following three. The first is to make communications smooth. The second is to maintain the manual. The third is a cancellation of the time pressure. Then, there is it for the purpose of the St-mSELL model inspecting that there is validity as analytical model of the human error in this paper. In that case, the 4M-4E matrix model is made to correspond.

View full abstract

Highest admitted speed (HAS) is a quantitative evaluation index of the risk level of a driver's behavior when passing through an unsignalized intersection without the right of way. In physical terms, HAS is the highest speed a crossing vehicle such as a car or a bicycle approaching from either the right or the left may travel without colliding with the subject vehicle. The values of HAS for various vehicles are calculated on the basis of actual driving profiles consisting of the velocity profile of the subject vehicle and the eye movement and pedal operation of its driver. In this study, we propose a method for mathematically searching for optimal driving profiles that have values of HAS for specified crossing vehicles at low risk levels in accordance with the shape of an intersection. In the case study, optimal driving profiles were derived for a specified intersection. The HAS values of these profiles for four typical vehicles were higher than those of an expert driver. By comparing the optimal profile with the actual profile of each driver, we could pinpoint the behavior modifications made by the driver. We thus conclude that the proposed method is useful for identifying a driver's unsafe behavior and improving his or her awareness of safe driving.

View full abstract

[in Japanese]

View full abstract

The concept of mental algorithm, a way of understanding the plant operator's thinking process for identifying malfunctions, has been proposed. According to the concept of the mental algorithm, the operator's thinking process includes many subtle decision–making affected by metacognition activity and the each subtle decision–making makes or chooses an operator's cognitive state (CS) and a behavioral strategy (BS). Most behavior as a result of subtle thinking is affected by performance shaping factors (PSFs), and the both the CS and the BS could be deteriorated. In this regard,a mental algorithm indicates the quality of problem–solving affected by PSFs,and could be applicable not only to the plant operator's thinking process but also to similar problem–solving. As an example of the problem-solving,this study dealt with the thinking for evacuation behavior. The participants moved from a start location to an evacuation center using a custom digital map on a personal digital assistance (PDA). As the results, we assumed that the thinking for evacuation could be represented as a mental algorithm. Further, the CS was categorized into three types and the four types of BS were extracted and the PSF items which lead to the deterioration of evacuation behavioral quality was estimated. Consequently,it was revealed that the concept of mental algorithm was applicable to evacuation behavioral assessment.

View full abstract