Recent developments of broadband dielectric spectroscopy for aqueous materials including biological systems are reviewed. Dynamic behaviors of water molecules are affected by cooperative interactions with solute molecules or dispersed materials in water. Various behaviors of water structure observed in extensively wide scales of time and space such as temperature and concentration dependences of relaxation parameters suggest universal mechanisms of slow dynamics determining those structures, properties, and functions. Glass transition phenomena shown by thermal analysis in low temperature measurements are well explained with relaxation processes due to unfeezable water, ice and hydrated protein molecules. Dielectric behaviors of biological tissues are also described.
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