It is very important that waste should be controlled and appropriately handled in a waste treatment system in consideration of its impact on the environment. This study quantitatively evaluates the current waste treatment system and respective countermeasures based on impacts on reducing the environmental load to solve waste treatment problems in Bangkok, Thailand. The study was able to provide the reduction effect of environmental load quantitatively in the countermeasure scenarios using the baseline scenario as a standard.

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 IS-LM analysis has been a mainstream of effects on public investment with interests on if "crowding out" affects private investments. Authors' past studies in this subject have concluded crowding out would not occur under deflationary recessions when economy is in a liquidity trap. Yet, IS-LM analysis will not counter the criticism that it does not reflect future expectations (i.e. Lucas critique). However, recent advancement in Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium (DSGE) model allowed the situation to improve. Hence, this study estimates the effects of public investment (i.e. fiscal policy) in Japan under a liquidity trap, using DSGE model by estimating deep parameters with Bayes estimation and MCMC procedure based on the data since 2000.

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 This paper studies how the multiplier effects of public investment under deflation economy differ from those under inflation economy. And this study seeks the necessary size and period of impact to recover from deflation by Keynesian model, focusing on presence or absence of crowding out of public investment under deflationary recession. In particular, the primary purpose of this study is empirical analysis of the effects by public investment under many policy scenarios, such as the investment on reconstruction of the Great East Japan Earthquake or the construction of the New Tomei Expressway. The results show that since crowding out does not occur under deflation, multiplier effect would be higher (approximately 0.2 point) than that under inflation. Moreover, assuming that the current financial situation continues, the deflation will be diminished if the size of public investment of the 1990s continues.

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 The burst of bubble economy followed by reduction of domestic construction investment has been causing severe issues for Japanese construction industry. One of those issues is based on the unique execution principle of "principle of mutual trust". For example, the requirement of change in cost or duration of the project can be dealt with by third party engineer (so-called "the engineer") in international projects, while a contractor to require those change have to obey the decision of the owner in Japan.
 In this study, I investigated the socio-psychological requirements of persons who handle typical situations in domestic construction projects. I describe the relationships among those factors and each situation. This study confirmed that various socio-psychological requirements and the sense of self based on collectivism might affect their decision makings and the simple introduction of "the Engineer" may not resolve the problems based on the uniqueness of domestic construction industry.

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 Construction works are exposed to the external environment. Therefore it is impossible to maintain the schedule planned originally due to the sudden weather changes, traffic conditions, and many un-known factors. Site manager usually monitor the progress of works, quality required, safety condition, and construction cost fluctuation based on his experiences.
 Critical Path Method (CPM) based on time-related connection is fundamentally good for the detecting and monitoring of schedule control. There are many computer soft wares available for us to find critical path easily, even on complicated construction program. However there is some special feature in construction works, such as construction resources required continuous or time-interval re-mobilization. On the other words, even time would be flowed, resources would be there. As a result, non-critical path construction items might affect critical path flow, we believe theses items have high risk potential due to schedule changes.
 In this paper, we study on the detection method of high risk potential items utilizing Between-ness centrality of Graph Theory for network model including resources' relationship. Finally we verify the effectiveness of our proposed method applied on an in-situ continuous post-tension method box-typed bridge construction works carried out in oversea country.

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 Local constructors are influencial for various processes and managements after severe earthquake, since most local governments have already concluded agreements with local constructors. Paying our attention to the construction machines which local constructors owns, we investigated the effectiveness of the area-cooperation for removal of debris caused by severe earthquake. By using a Multi-Agent-Simulator, removal operations with construction machines in Sizuoka prefecture were simulated, and the effectiveness of area cooperation were examined. It was confirmed that by cooperating in a wider region, the removal of debris can be performed more efficiently, and that in particular, if the cooperation throughout Shizuoka Prefecture is supposed, processing time can be reduced to 1/9 of that in the case of without area cooperation.

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 It is very easy to understand the importance of port facilities because they are expected to protect the hinterland and create social and economical bases. A port facility has a long lifetime and must be expected to meet demands during its lifetime that cannot be foreseen. However, it is rather difficult to forecast socioeconomic changes during such the long lifetime at the planning and design stages or even at maintenance stages.
 For existing port facilities in Japan, because of the revision of the ministerial ordinances in 2007, it was obligatorily implemented to formulate a strategic maintenance plan and carry out performance/function-keeping work based on the maintenance plan. Under considering particularity of port structures mentioned above, it is very important to determine the period of service because the role of port depends on international relocation of production bases, choice of port call, and subsequent changes in needs and functions.
 To realize excellent management of port facilities from the viewpoints of not only physical deterioration but functional obsolescence, the authors propose a facility management system taken into account the physical lifetime predicted by using the overall condition index and the socioeconomic lifetime to meet the changes in needs.
 In this paper, current maintenance system and recent technological development for assessment on structural performance of port facilities are briefly summarized and some examples are introduced how the changes in needs have accelerated the obsolescence of port facilities. Then, the facility management system proposed is discussed with providing its application examples.

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 In this paper, the methodology associated with deterioration forecasting of ground anchor based on results of visual inspection and lift-off test is presented. In detail, the deterioration process of ground anchor is modeled by using not only Markov chain process but also Weibull hazard functions. First, based on results of visual inspection and lift-off test, the soundness of ground anchor is classified into six ranks, and threshold for survival/damaged is set. Secondly, the survival probability of ground anchor is calculated by using Weibull hazard functions. Based on the proposed model, the prediction of future states of ground anchor is conducted. Finally, in order to make a study on the differences of the deterioration process between Weibull hazard model and Markov chain model, the simulation results predicted by two models are compared.

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 To improve the safety and security of driving while coping with today's stagnant economy and frequent natural disasters, road slopes should be appropriately managed. In order to achieve the goals, road managers should establish management methods in road slope disaster prevention by clarifying social losses that would result by drops in service levels. On the other hand, in order to manage an infrastructure appropriately, maintenance management plans, such as a bridge, pavement, a tunnel, are formulated individually. However, each of these institutions achieve a traffic function safe as a road network, and safe rather than achieve a function independently. Therefore, it is necessary to manage road slopes by evaluating a road as a network. It is important that road managers evaluate asset value of the slope in a road network to manage the road slope effectively. From this viewpoint, this study proposed "management methods based on asset value" in road slope disaster prevention, which evaluated as a road network.

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 Recently, it has been improving some legal systems, guidelines, and manuals for public involvement on infrastructure development process, but it is not enough established yet, especially about small project. This paperfocused on "Resident-Risk", it was found some problems about that management andan attempt is made to overcome these problems, to proposea new methodology for facilitating Consensus-buildingbased on "Resident-Risk" Management Systemon execution process in public works.

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 Recently, a quality of public construction is thought to be worse in Japan. As a measure to improve the quality, local governments have been trying to apply and modify their bidding scheme to meet their circumstances.
 In this study, focusing on the comprehensive bidding scheme in competitive bidding, how changing the scheme by local governments influences on accumulation of technical skills of local construction companies as well as regional familiarity of the companies is analyzed with employing replicatior dynamics which is one class of evolutional game theory. Based on the analysis resutls, an institutional design of the scheme is examinned to have local companies cultivate both of technical skills and regional familiarity by themselves.

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 The design-build delivery method was started being adopted for the public works in the early 90's in UK and US. The Ministry of land, infrastructure, transport and tourism in Japan(MLIT) which has been searching various types of delivery methods to promote its efficiency started employing design-build delivery method in 1997. Track record of the method is, however, not quite enough, around 100 projects for these 14 years and further adoption is desired in terms of the taxpayer's benefit.
 This paper reports the result of interview practiced with procurement officers of 5 regional bureaus of MLIT in order to clarify problems which would prevent promotion of the design-build delivery method and 4 problems which would affect directly were extracted. Further analysis was carried out at the end to indicate ways to solve these problems with reference to the result of the interview.

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 Design-build is a method of project delivery through a single contract to provide design and construction services. The use of this method is expected to bring about a number of positive effects including utilization of exquisite techniques of private sectors, ensured quality of design and construction services, streamlined construction design commensurate with construction capability, and improved effectiveness by consistent flow of both services. The Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism (MLIT) has been exerting continuous efforts to implement this method by applying it on a trial basis to projects under ministerial jurisdiction since 1997, which is when the Ministry gave out an order of the first model case project.
 In view of the fact that a certain amount of experience in implementing the design-build method has been accumulated at the Ministry by applying it to selected projects under ministerial jurisdiction, this study examines appropriateness and requirements of this method taking account of implementation status of such model case projects, for the purpose of identifying characteristics of work description of major construction works and suggesting points of concerns in determining applicability of the design-build method.

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 The design-build contract is a method of contracting both design and construction services to a single entity, for the purpose of achieving quality assurance of design and construction, rational design, and efficiency by utilizing excellent techniques of private companies.
 Focusing on the selective water intake facility for dam, this paper begins with clarifying contents of the design developed at each stage in the project process, and examines how the design take shape along with the progress of the project. Next this paper conducts questionnaire survey about the actualized situation of the risks. And this paper studies result of construction project to which the design-build contract was applied. Then, it further examines, by using the result, the mechanism to the resulting technical proposals from the contractor by which the effect of the design-build contract can be achieved.

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 The quality-and cost-based selection (QCBS) method has been widely used in bidding of national and municipal public works since its introduction in 1998.In addition to this, although evaluation system which emphasizes technical ability have been implemented, many issues such as continuing low number of cases implemented remain on the High-Technology-Proposal type QCBS method which require high application of technical creativity.
 In this study, we have analyzed the results of technical review for works contracted by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism between FY 2006 and FY 2010 that applied the High-Technology-Proposal type QCBS method, and extracted problems such as technical competition are not effectively functioning although technical competition are expected to be superior over price competition, the themes set for technical proposal do not differ so much compared to normal type QCBS, and its effects are limited compared to the time and cost consumed.
 In addition to this, we have proposed improvements such as setting technical proposal themes with a high chance of creating score differences between the most superior bidder and others, setting themes appropriate for inviting "high-technology proposals.", and the introduction of "design competition method".

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 This study investigates the potential of public works bidding with community involvement to open public works biddings to community members' discussions. Such type of bidding is expected to solve some problems of existing public works bidding systems. The Otaru Development and Construction Department, Hokkaido Regional Development Bureau experimentally introduced the bidding system for a public construction work project in FY 2009. On the basis of this experiment results, the bidding system was improved in the procedures to minimize the burden of bidders and tested again.

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 In Japan, the designated competitive bidding was mainly applied for the award of engineering consulancy services over many years. Recently there has been an increase in the use of the technical proposal method, and also the comprehensive evaluation method which is known as QCBS in foeign countries has come into use. However, some contracting authorities, mostly local governments, still often apply the lowest price criterion for the award of such services. Furthermore, the current technical proposal method reduces effectiveness of competition over technical capabilities. As for the comprehensive evaluation method, it is often the case that consulting firms are forced to make contracts at unreasonably low prices.
 In many countries of the world, there is a tendency toward increased recourse to QBS, and greater consideration for quality during the selection stage of QCBS. Based on the comparative review of foreign procurement procedures, it is concluded that QBS shoud be mainly used for selecting consulting firms while giving due regard to fair procedures and so on, after legally establishing negotiated procedures. It is also indicated that when QCBS is used, more weight should be given to the quality component.

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 In 2005, "The act on progeress to ensure quality of public works" was passed in the National Diet. After that, all local authorities try to order public construction with overall evaluation bidding method. The result is that more than 40% of prefectural governments introduce the method as traial and that 7% of municipalities seriously order their public construction with the method.
 This study researched actual situation of bidding methods in public works, management of third-party committee system and support to local governments in all prefectual governments.
 The result of analyses shows that the bottleneck of overall evaluation bidding method is third-party committee system. Smaller governments bear heavy load of the system management because of luck of engineers. If third-party committee system can be managed more smoothly, many local governments will be able to accept overall evaluation bidding method seriously.

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 The object of this study is to analyze the comprehensive evaluation bidding method using disclosed tender data on MLIT (Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism), Kanto Regional Development Bureau. The coefficient of variation of technology evaluation and bid price are calculated to evaluate the competitiveness in individual bidding. As a result, it was shown that gap between bidders in technical evaluation are decreased.

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 In Japan the risk of natural disasters is high, and how to suppress the damage of natural disasters have been into question. So, Business Continuity Plan has received attention. It is important not only for own companies but also for our society to continue the daily life, and therefore companies, which make up the society, work on the introduction of BCP and enhance the capacity of business continuity. Spreading the introduction of BCP in small businesses is essential to enhance the resilience of the society, because, in particular, small businesses account for 99.7% of the number of companies in Japan, supporting the foundation of society and the economy. Therefore, in this study, using the practical experience of BCP and the theoretical framework of social dilemmas, I want to propose one policy to spread the introduction of BCP in small business.

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 Centralized governance system which has been continued since the Meiji Era in Japan is in the process of converting to future system that respects autonomy of each local government.
 From the reflections of public opinions, municipal governments should act as main part of regional administration. In such situation, function of municipal government will be expanded. So, existing municipalities will be tied up or merged to take expanded function. At the same time, the distance between each resident and new merged municipality should be filled up by any measures physically and mentally. To continue infrastructure development under severe financialand social conditions, effectiveness of facilities should be maximized in future. For example, those facilities should be planned from view point of cooperation of neighboring municipalities to avoid unnecessary duplication of facilities. To solve above problems, the concept of infrastructure development support system to support the future municipalities named LSI(Layer System for Infrastructure) was established by analyzing these problems.

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 In this study, we conducted the questionnaire for constructors, construction consultants and local governments in order to learn about the current state of evaluation and human recourses development for civil engineers. As a result, it was clarified that smaller constructors don't evaluate their engineers with evaluation items and the items for engineers varies according to the years of experience and industry type. As for human recourses development for civil engineers, it was revealed that half of smaller constructors don't institutionalize OJT and most of them don't tackle both career plan and career path for engineers with a positive attitude. In addition, it was also found that private companies has a high percentage of the support for acquisition of qualifications while the local government has a low percentage of it.

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 Inter-regional difference in demand for construction in Japan for recent 30 years (1980 to 2010) was examined in terms of consumption of cement for each purpose in Japan and an effectiveness of increasing rate of concrete per capita of productive age population (15 to 64 years old) was verified. The author has already defined the increasing rate of concrete as the ratio of the consumption of cement in a year to the accumulation up to the previous year. The purpose of consumption of cement was classified into civil engineering, private buildings and public (government and municipal) buildings. Three types of indices were employed and the values for each purpose and prefecture in each year were obtained: increasing rate of concrete, increasing rate of concrete per capita, and increasing rate of concrete per capita of productive age population. The change of the coefficient of variation that was obtained as the ratio of the standard deviation to the average value was obtained for each purpose for recent 30 years was obtained. The increasing rate of concrete per capita of productive age population was found to be the smallest and almost level off of the three indices for civil engineering structures and private buildings and its effectiveness was verified.

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 Iraqi war that occurred in 2003 brought about devastating damages to infrastructure including electricity, water, telecommunication, roads, all of which used to serve as our life line. This paper reports successful factors how did rehabilitate the damaged infrastructure, particularly 900 kilometers long trunk communications network, under adverse security conditions having to do remotely controlled for construction management outside of project site. Some essentials for carrying out a remote construction project have become more probable through the case study of Iraqi Telecommunication Project by Japan's Official Development Assistance (ODA) after Iraqi war.

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