Progressive urbanization and urban activities have negative impacts on energy and material flows. In Shanghai, China, energy demand and natural resources input is increasing rapidly with fast growth of GDP and increase of population. In this paper, a quantitative model for urban metabolism was developed to evaluate the direct and indirect environmental impacts due to the energy and materials consumption in Shanghai, China. Also we estimated CO₂ emission, Total Material Requirement (TMR) and Ecological Footprint (EF) for urban sustainability assessment based on the model. The results showed that the rapid economic growth and population increase in Shanghai by 2020 would cause 80 percent increases in TMR over 2004. In addition, we found that the indirect EF by construction materials production would become a large part of total EF in high urban growth period, but the indirect EF by electricity and food consumption would increase in the period of stable urban growth.

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  In Yellow river basin, water demand is increasing because of rapid economic growth and, especially in the downstream region, lack of water resource is one of the serious problems. In this paper, domestic tradable permits for water resource management, which is called as cap and trade type, is focused on, and a CGE model which can evaluate economic impacts of the domestic tradable permits. And then, the CGE model is calibrated in Yellow river basin and the impact analysis is tried by the CGE model. As the results of this analysis, in the case of 5% reduction of water resource in all Yellow river basin, the following things are cleared; 1) water demand is decreased relatively in up-and midstream regions and water rights are purchased in the downstream region, 2) in up-and midstream regions, agricultural production is decreased and production of mining, manufacturing and service is increased, 3) in the case of grandfathering rule, utility level trends to be improved in the regions where water resource is in less effective use.

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