Present land use in a river basin is consequence of all land development in the past. This study is an attempt to recognize land development of a river basin, focusing on Onga river basin in ancient days (until 6th century). After confirming geological and topographical characteristics, the study pays attention to earthwork capability in Jomon, Yayo i and Kofun era. Leading-edge impl ements in each era support us to make an interpretation of ancient monuments' location and archaeological findings. Especially wooden how/spades in Yayoi era and iron blade edges in Kofu n era had typical impact to expand ricefield towards uncultivated area. The conclution indicates that the a dvanced earthwork implements enabled people shift main paddy field from lower lagoon area to upper alluvial terrains on Onga river basin through ancient days. This ancient land development history has much suggestions for today's river/river basin management.

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 This paper explicates sources on survey map errors which were made in 19^th century. The present cadastral system stands on registers and survey maps which were compiled to change the land taxation system in the Meiji era.
 Many Japanese may recognize the reasons why poor survey technique by farmers, too long measure to avoid heavy tax, careless official check and other deception made such errors of acreage from several to more than ten percent of area in survey maps. The author would like to maintain that such errors, called nawa-nobi, were lawful in accordance with the then survey regulation because of results to analyze old survey regulations, history of making maps and studies of cadastral system. In addition to, a kind of survey maps' errors should be pointed out a reason why the easy subdivision system which could approve without real survey and disposal of state property with inadequate survey.

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 The department of the interior of Japan began to investigate on multiple-purpose development works of river basin in the nineteen-thirties. Takashi MIZUTANI who took charge of the investigation on this project had an experience for the construction of a small multipurpose dam before. This paper explicates his works and his intention in those days with the description in the review "Water use adjustment and Public works" published for the department of the interior, and clarifies that he was one of the important persons on this project.

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 The railway track maintenance work is to inspect railway track and to maintain various abnormalities that occur on the railway track everyday. Moreover, a safe, comfortable railway driving doesn't work out without track maintenance. Track maintenance has been changed by an increase of the traffic volume, improvement of the speed, change of machines and materials, effect of railway accident and war. Then, in this paper, we clarify the history of the track maintenance from the railway establishment in 1872 to division and privatization of Japanese National Railways, from the viewpoint of regulations that become standards and keep being enacted when railway was established. The subjects of this study are government railways, Japanese National Railways and JR without the private railways. At first, we described the outline about regulations and the important event that affected track maintenance. And, the history of track maintenance separately for work, rail, tie, track bed and railroad switch was clarified.

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 The demand for practical use of civil engineering heritages in the field of city planning and community development has been rapidly increased since the enactment and the enforcement of the Law on the Maintenance and Improvement of Historic Landscape in a Community in 2008. The purpose of this study was to clarify the role expected of historical studies in civil engineering in these fields in order to respond to the demand.
 In this study, authorized local plans for maintenance and improvement of historic landscape were analyzed in detail from the viewpoint of civil engineering. Also, problems in implementing the plans were carefully examined based on a questionnaire survey to the persons in charge. As a result, it was understood that studies on comprehensive evaluation for historical urban structure and on practical technique for conserving and utilizing civil engineering heritages were especially required for the historical studies in civil engineering.

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