The purpose of this paper is to examine and reframe domestic violence from three viewpoints of community psychology.

The first viewpoint is the shelter’s activity in terms of prevention, treatment and education. We feminist therapists conduct individual counseling or psychotherapy for victims of domestic violence at puplic women’s counseling facilities in the community. These activities might provide victims of domestic violence with prevention and treatment. Furthermore, we arrange lectures and programs for people in the community and to professionals in the field. These activities might also serve to educate that domestic violence should be stopped and laws or rules against domestic violence established.

The second viewpoint is the shelter’s activity in crisis intervention. The shelter’s activities are constructed of three pillors; ① to protect victims by presenting safety place. ② to empower them to connect with battered women and supporters. ③ to prepare them to be able to live an economically, socially, and psychologically independent life in the community.

The third viewpoint is the shelter’s activity in aftercare. After residing in the shelter for 3 months, women and children can transfer from the shelter to an apartment or home for mothers and children in the community. Since we have to support them in their independent life, safely and comfortably, we must effectively network with people and facilities, such as administrative, welfare and police offices, schools, and institutions for mothers and children.

In Japan, there are many self-help groups for the parents whosechildren refuse attend school. And there are two kind of such gr-oups: one is organized by specialists such as psychologists, and the other is by the parents themselves. These two growps will be to have differnt purpose on their members.The most striking difference is the later have no therapeutic-responsibility for the members.

The purpose of this study is to examine how self-help groups work to help its members. At first, from the literature, following four category of function about their groups can be identified.

1) To give knowledge about the problem

2) To build up communication skills between members

3) To promote self awareness of the members

4) To extend the community

First three functions are common to any kind of groups,but theforth is peculiar to self-help groups as it distinguish self-help groups from group-psychotherapy. Because psychotherapy will not provide community but restricted relationship. To clarify these category of functions, the case study about self-help group for parentswill be presented here.

The study of burnout syndrome has not been examined in Japan very closely yet. However, with the increasing number of the elderly and the rise of educational problems, the study of human service professions is in great demand. This article will examine intensively the latest information on the concept of burnout and will take a look at Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), the most frequently used measure of burnout. Due to theoretical and methodological problems in Japanese–translated Maslach Burnout Inventory, the conclusions of previous existing research are under question. In particular, the interpersonal relationship between the provider and the recipient has not been sufficiently focused. Some implications for future research in Japan will be discussed.