The purpose of this study is to research two matters: (1) The constructive validity of environmental attitude and helping attitude; (2) The correlation and causal relationship between helping attitude and environmental attitude. Environmental attitude was measured by 36 five-point items of environmental attitude scale which consisted of seven subscales: Approach to information on environmental problems, confidence in science and technology, appreciation of natural beauty, awareness of causes of pollution, insight into the consequences of pollution, purchasing behavior, and coping behavior. Helping attitude was measured by 36 five-point items of helping attitude scale which consisted of three standards: Degree of costs to be paid for help-giving, kinds of persons being helped, and resources needed to the help. Four hundred and fourteen college students responded to both scales. The main findings were as follows: (1) Subscales of environmental attitude scale were divided into two factors: The first one is “analytical and estimative” factor, and the second is “behavioral” factor. (2) Of seven subscales of environmental attitude scale, the appreciation of natural beauty, the purchasing behavior, the confidence in science and technology, the approach to information on environmental problems, and the summed score of environmental attitude scale significantly correlated with the summed score of helping attitude scale. (3) The appreciation of natural

beauty had significantly strong effect upon the helping attitude.

This longitudinal case study investigates the 2 classrooms’ climates and the influence of students’ mental health on the climates in order to examine the clinical validity of the CCI (Classroom Climate Inventory) in a junior high school. First, the following mental health questionnaires were conducted in March before the classes were organized: (1) Scale on the school morale, (2) Scale on the general self-worth, and (3) Scale on the stress symptoms. Second, the CCI was administered in May and February which is the beginning and the end of the school year. In one class, the students’ mental health, especially girls, was good and the climates in May and February were both friendly. In addition, there was high involvement in class activities. The Inventories indicate that this climate was initiated by the attitudes the girls in the class brought with them. In another class, the students’ school morale, especially boys, was low and the girls’ stress was high. The climate of this class was characterized strangeness between students and there was low involvement in class activities throughout the year. It was concluded that concern for the students’ mental health was necessary to organize a good climate for the class and the CCI was useful to effective assessment in the classroom.

The purpose of this study is to present a case study of child rearing counseling provided by nursery school teachers. The counseling aims at increasing positive interactions between mothers and children.

The subjects of this study are a mother and her children. Taking the behavioral psychological approach, the study employs the ABA design to evaluate the effects of counseling on the social interactions of the subjects.

In the 7 counseling training sessions, the mother writes down her children’s positive behaviors as her assignment. During the counseling, the teacher emphasizes the positive behaviors mentioned by the mother.

It was found that the training sessions increased both positive behaviors of mother toward her children and that of children toward their mother. Particularly, the increase in children’s positive behaviors was substantial. In addition, the training sessions extended their ways of interactions.

The research findings show the significance of counseling service at nursery school in changing its climate.

Providing a counseling service in nursery school, it is crucial to improve the teachers’ working environment; and to enable them to acquire professional knowledge of counseling under research finding.