BACKGROUND：Multimodal exercise programs are often used to improve the cognitive, physical, and psychological functions of the elderly, and it is believed that the effects of these programs are sustained by continued use. Although it is said that an element of fun is necessary for a person to continue exercising, there are very few reports that have examined the effects of such programs. OBJECTIVE：The purpose of this study was to clarify the effect of Rhythm Synchro Exercise, a multimodal aquatic exercise program, on psychology and especially on enjoyment. METHODS：A comparative study was conducted between 20 elderly subjects who participated in a Rhythm Synchro Exercise class for once a week, 60 minutes, 12 times in total and 17 elderly subjects who participated in a land-based exercise class for once a week, 90 minutes, 12 times in total. Subject demographics and exercise status were obtained by the interview, and questionnaires were administered before and after classes to assess exercise self-efficacy and subjective health perception. In addition, the degree of enjoyment of each program was evaluated in the middle of the classes （20 subjects for rhythm exercise, 15 subjects for land-based exercise） and at the end of the classes （20 subjects for rhythm exercise, 17 subjects for land-based exercise）. RESULTS：In both groups, there was a main effect of time on subjective health feeling. The Rhythm Synchro Exercise group showed a tendency to maintain and improve their exercise self-efficacy in bad weather. It was also found that its members were able to be more enthusiastic about the program compared with the land-based exercise group, and it was recognized that the program could provide enjoyment. CONCLUSION：It was suggested that the provision of Rhythm Synchro Exercise could provide enjoyment, which is one of the factors necessary for improving psychological function and especially for continuing exercise, and can be expected to be effective as a new aquatic exercise.

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Background：It is important to evaluate the balance function to prevent falls in order to extend healthy life expectancy in the older. However, the relationship between different balance function, in terms of static and dynamic balance, and fall risk are still unclear. Objective：We investigated the relationship between foot pressure balance function （FPB） （dynamic balance） and one-leg standing with eye-opening （OLS） （static balance） and a simple fall score in the community-dwelling older people. Methods：The subjects were 887 people aged 65 to 75 years who were not certified as requiring support or nursing care. FPB measured the center of gravity movement, the amplitude, the stability and the ratio of the movement refer to Cross test. A simple fall score was used as the evaluation of fall risk. Logistic regression analysis was calculated for each index of the FPB with risk of fall （fall risk score >6 points）. Results：There are significant positive or negative correlations between all indicators of FPB and OLS, but it was 0.315 or less. As a result of logistic regression analysis, significant association with a simple fall score was found the center of gravity movement: front-back （OR: 0.92, 95%CI: 0.86-0.98）, the stability: front-back （OR: 0.83, 95%CI: 0.72-0.96） and left-right （OR: 0.85, 95%CI: 0.73-0.996）, and the movement ratio: front, back and left. Conclusion：It is suggested that the FPB and the OLS are independently indicators related to the simple fall score in the community-dwelling older adults.

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OBJECTIVE：The purpose of this study was to investigate the citizensʼ running race events relate to inspire starting exercises and increasing the amount of exercise in people without exercise habits and to maintain exercise habits. METHODS：Survey participants were 1,030 （627 men and 403 women） with regular exercise habits from adult people registered as research monitors with an internet research company（Survey ended when 1,030 participants were reached）. This survey was carried out in November, 2020．We conducted on internet questionnaire survey to find out about the people who were inspired the citizensʼ running race events to start exercising and contributed these events to maintaining exercise habits. RESULTS：There were 260 people （25.2%） with the experience that participated in the citizensʼ running race events. Twenty-three people （2.2%） answered that the citizensʼ running race events contribute to inspiring to start exercising. Two-hundred six people （20.0%） of all subjects and 168 out of 260 people （64.6%） who have participated in citizensʼ running race events answered that the citizensʼ running race events are contributing to maintaining exercise habits. CONCLUSION：Citizensʼ running race events may relate to inspire starting exercises and increasing the amount of exercise in 2.2% people without exercise habits and maintain exercise habits in 20.0% people with exercise habits.

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