The Review of High Pressure Science and Technology
Online ISSN : 1348-1940
Print ISSN : 0917-639X
ISSN-L : 0917-639X
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Volume 18, Issue 1
- New Developments in High Pressure Research of the Earth's Interior -
Displaying 1-10 of 10 articles from this issue
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Reviews — New Developments in High Pressure Research of the Earth's Interior —
  • Ultrahigh Pressure and High Temperature Experiments using a Laser Heated Diamond Anvil Cell in Multimegabar Pressures Region
    Yasuhiro KUWAYAMA
    2008 Volume 18 Issue 1 Pages 3-10
    Published: February 20, 2008
    Released on J-STAGE: March 18, 2008
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4131/jshpreview.18.3
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    Achieving the extreme pressure and temperature conditions found in the Earth’s inner core has been one of the major experimental challenges. In this article, recent development of ultrahigh-pressure and high-temperature techniques in multimegabar pressures region using a laser heated diamond anvil cell is described. Results from recent experiments about phase relations of silica and iron up to 300 GPa and 2000 K are reviewed.
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  • Innovation of Multimegabar Technologies: The Key to New Earth and Planetary Science
    Naohisa HIRAO
    2008 Volume 18 Issue 1 Pages 11-20
    Published: February 20, 2008
    Released on J-STAGE: March 18, 2008
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4131/jshpreview.18.11
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    With recent technological advances in both high-pressure techniques and analytical methods with diamond-anvil cells, it is now possible to generate pressure over 3 Mbar and probe the unique and novel behavior of materials under extreme conditions of multimegabar pressures. The synchrotron radiation techniques associated with high-pressure research have been developed by optimization of X-ray source, X-ray optics, sample environment, experimental setup, and detectors. Multimegabar experiments on Earth and planetary materials with the recent X-ray techniques of micro-X-ray diffraction and spectroscopy are providing new insights into the nature of the Earth’s core and the deep giant planets.
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  • Sound Velocities of MgSiO3 Perovskite and Post-perovskite Phase
    Motohiko MURAKAMI
    2008 Volume 18 Issue 1 Pages 21-30
    Published: February 20, 2008
    Released on J-STAGE: March 18, 2008
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4131/jshpreview.18.21
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    Brillouin scattering measurements of the aggregate shear wave velocities in MgSiO3 perovskite and post-perovskite phase were conducted at high-pressure conditions relevant to the Earth’s lowermost mantle. Infrared laser annealing of samples in a diamond anvil cell enabled to obtain high quality Brillouin spectra and to extend the upper limit of pressure of Brillouin measurements. The large pressure range over which acoustic measurements of MgSiO3 perovskite and post-perovskite phase were performed has thereby allowed us to put tighter constraints on compositional models of the Earth’s lower mantle and enigmatic seismic observations in the lowermost mantle.
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  • X-ray Raman Scattering:
    Application to Materials of the Earth’s Interior
    Hiroshi FUKUI
    2008 Volume 18 Issue 1 Pages 31-37
    Published: February 20, 2008
    Released on J-STAGE: March 18, 2008
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4131/jshpreview.18.31
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    In this article, recent advances in X-ray spectroscopy, in particular X-ray Raman scattering (XRS), under high pressure are introduced. There are problems to overcome when these techniques are applied to high-pressure materials science. Solutions for the problems are shown. As examples of XRS study under pressure conditions, experimental results on H2O and SiO2 are reviewed. Further prospect of these techniques on materials of the earth’s interior is discussed.
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  • Preparation of TEM Foil from DAC Sample using Focused Ion Beam System
    Takeshi SAKAI
    2008 Volume 18 Issue 1 Pages 38-43
    Published: February 20, 2008
    Released on J-STAGE: March 18, 2008
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4131/jshpreview.18.38
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    Analytical transmission electron microscope (ATEM) is a powerful tool for analyses of the samples recovered from ultrahigh pressure experiments. Recently, Focused Ion Beam (FIB) system has been applied to prepare a TEM foil of sample recovered from laser heated diamond anvil cell (LHDAC). It has some advantages compared to conventional argon ion milling method. In this article, recent advances in the DAC sample preparation for TEM observation using FIB system are reviewed.
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  • Solubility of Noble Gas in SiO2 Melt under High Pressure
    Ken NIWA, Takehiko YAGI, Chie MIYAKAWA, Jun-ichi MATSUDA
    2008 Volume 18 Issue 1 Pages 44-54
    Published: February 20, 2008
    Released on J-STAGE: March 18, 2008
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4131/jshpreview.18.44
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    Solubility of noble gas in silicate melt under high pressures is important for understanding the origin of the Earth’s atmosphere and evolution of the Earth’s interior. In this article, previous studies of noble gas solubility based on high pressure experiments are reviewed. Then we present new experimental results on Ar solubility in silica melt up to about 12 GPa by using a laser-heated diamond-anvil cell (LHDAC). It was found that solubility of noble gas increased and then saturated with increasing pressure, which is completely different from the results of previous LHDAC experiments. The source of discrepancy and problems of solubility measurements using LHDAC are discussed.
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  • Experimental Study on High-Pressure Earth Science with Intense Laser
    Keisuke SHIGEMORI, Tetsuo IRIFUNE, Tadashi KONDO, Tatsuhiro SAKAIYA
    2008 Volume 18 Issue 1 Pages 55-61
    Published: February 20, 2008
    Released on J-STAGE: March 18, 2008
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4131/jshpreview.18.55
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    We have been developing experiments on shock compression relevant to Earth core condition with intense laser irradiation. Multiple shock compression method is applied to create pressure and temperature (P, T) conditions of geophysical interest. We measured sound velocity of shock-compressed iron foils with two-stepped laser pulse irradiation by x-ray radiography technique. We have also developed nanosecond x-ray diffraction in order to measure the structure of shock-compressed materials.
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Reviews
Articles
Series of Reviews for Hydrogen and Pressure (6)
  • Solid Hydrogen at High Pressures and Low Temperatures
    Haruki KAWAMURA, Yuichi AKAHAMA
    2008 Volume 18 Issue 1 Pages 73-78
    Published: February 20, 2008
    Released on J-STAGE: March 18, 2008
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4131/jshpreview.18.73
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    The optical measurements by the use of a DAC have developed the studies of solid hydrogen at high pressures. Those studies have disclosed that solid hydrogen at high pressures exhibits a variety of structural phase transitions. The researches about the metallization of solid hydrogen, which is a longstanding issue in high pressure science, have been also progressed in recent years. In this article, we briefly review the pressure-induced structural phase transitions and the quest for metallic phase in solid hydrogen at high pressures.
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