Today, Mathematical Textbooks are written in horizontal writing, that is, from left to right. It is because of the influence of imported Western Textbooks at the beginning of Meiji era. According to an article by Kamenosuke Nakagawa and a description by Kinnosuke Ogura based on Nakagawa’s article, the first Mathematical Textbook written in horizontal writing and in Japanese language was “Kika-Mondai-Kaishiki” by Shigehira Arakawa and Masayuki Nakagawa. The purpose of this thesis is to re-study the ideas of Nagasawa and Ogura and to discuss them more specifically. The research of mathematical magazines and other materials in around 1888 showed us the facts as follows: (1) Norifumi Okamoto submitted a recommendation of horizontal writing in mathematical textbooks to Ministry of Education in around 1880s for the first time but he was refused. (2) I categorized and classified Mathematical Textbooks written in horizontal writing and in Japanese language into “Key to the Exercises,” “Workbooks,” “Translation,”and “Manuals Written and Edited.” Then I put them in order according to the issued year, month and date as follows: “Key to the Exercises” (i) Shigehira Arakawa & Masayuki Nakagawa “Kika-Mondai-Kaishiki” August, 1879 “Workbooks” (i) Kamenosuke Nagasawa “Eikoku Ūrichi Rikugun-Daigakukō Sūgaku-Shiken-Mondaisyū” July, 1886 “Translation” (i) Kamenosuke Nagasawa & Yōnosuke Miyata “Charles Smith Daisūgaku” July, 1887 (ii) Toshiji Ōmori & Umekichi Yatabe “Kunmō-Daisūgaku” November, 1887 (iii) Sumikiyo Tyūjyō “Hall & Knight Syotō-Daisūgaku” December, 1887 (iv) Kamenosuke Nagasawa “Kaisei-zōho Yūkurido Kikagaku” December, 1887 (v) Kamenosuke Nagasawa “Heimen-Sankakuhō Tyūtō-kyōkasyo” November, 1888 “Manuals Written and Edited” (i) Kamenosuke Nagasawa “Riron-oyobi-Ōyō Sanjyutu Tyūtō-kyōkasyo” June, 1888 (ii) Jyohei Tatara “Heimen-Kikagaku” June, 1888 (iii) Dairoku Kikuchi “Syotō-Kikagaku-kyōkasyo” September, 1888 (iv) Kiyoshi Ueno “Futū-kyōiku Kinsei-Sanjyutu” November, 1888

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