Cytotoxic effects of fibrogenic dust particles on the colony-forming capacity of murine pulmonary alveolar macrophages (PAM) were tested to define the possibility that the proliferation and the maintenance of PAM population could be affected by inhaled substances. Intratracheal instillation of crocidolite asbestos or Min-u-sil silica particles into mice induced significant and persistent reduction of alveolar macrophage colony -forming cells detected in vitro during the period of 1 to 6 months after treatments as compared to untreated control or groups of mice administered with non-fibrogenic TiO₂ particles. Total numbers of PAM recovered by bronchoalveolar lavage, however, were not significantly different from the controls after asbestos- or silica-instillation. Instead, inflammatory exudation of polymorphonuclear leukocytes, Iymphocytes and monocytes significantly increased in the groups of asbestos- or silica-instilled animals, but not in TiO₂-instilled mice. These data suggest that instilled fibrogenic particles have a cytotoxicity on the proliferation and differentiation of PAM, while total PAM population could be maintained by recruitments of monocytes following inflammation or chemotactic events.

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A detailed histopathologic and immunohistochemical study has been carried out on primary extranodal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), especially in gastrointestinal (GI) tract, and on primary intestinal and mesenteric lymph nodal lymphoma, comparatively. The material were collected from Jilin Provience, China. The results obtained were as follows:
A total of 52 cases with extranodal NHL were consisted of 12 of stomach, 22 of intestine (16 of small intestine, 5 of ileocecum and 1 of cecum), 11 of Waldeyer's ring, and 7 of the others.
Histologically, 45 cases were diffuse (D) type and the other 7 were follicular (F). D/F ratio was 6.4:1. Phenotypically, B/T ratio was 25:1.
According to WF classification, the intermediate grade of malignancy was 43 cases (82.7%) including 24 cases (46.2%) of diffuse, large non-cleaved which was the most preponderant type.
Five of 34 cases (14.7%) of primary GI lymphoma were reclassified as mocosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma. Three cases were composed of centrocyte-like (CCL) cells and the other 2 were of large blast-like cells. In all cases, the lymphoepithelial lesion (LEL) and reactive or neoplastic follicular structure were noted histologically, and positive finding of paranuclear dot for LN-1, both in CCL and blast-like cells, was found immunohistochemically.
Two of 34 cases (5.9%) of primary GI lymphoma showed an appearance of multiple lymphomatous polyposis. The one was recognized as the results of dissemination of MALT lymphoma, because the LEL was distinctively exhibited and the medium-sized cell with nucleus showing marked cleavation. The other was identified as mantle zone lymphoma of multicentric origin, since the main component cells within the vague nodules were small and round nucleus with slight cleavation, negative for LN-1 and positive for LN-2, and no LEL was found.
No evident association between the primary small intestinal and the primary mesenteric lymph nodal lymphoma had been recorded.

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An eighty-four-year-old man was admitted to our hospital because of nasal obstruction and swelling of bilateral neck lymph nodes on March 27, 1990; an epipharyngeal tumor was noted. No hepatosplenomegaly or skin lesions were seen. Laboratory examination revealed anemia and a high serum level of lactic dehydrogenase. A serum sample was positive for anti-human T cell leukemia virus type 1 antibody. A biopsy specimen of the epipharyngeal tumor revealed malignant lymphoma of a diffuse pleomorphic type, according to the Lymphoma Study Group classification. Lymphoma cells showed CD2 and CD3, but no CD4, CD8 or CD25. Endoscopic examination of the stomach showed a Borrmann type 1 tumor on the posterior wall of the gastric angle. A biopsy specimen revealed moderately well-differentiated adenocarcinoma. We therefore diagnosed this as lymphoma-type adult T cell leukemia (ATL) complicated with gastric cancer. Combination chemotherapy for ATL succeeded but the patient relapsed 1 month after achieving complete remission and died of tumor progression. Autopsy was not permitted. We confirmed the monoclonal integration of HTLV-1 proviral DNA in the cells from a relapsed lymph node by Southern blot hybridization. We reviewed and discussed the literature on surface phenotype of ATL and double cancer in ATL.

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A case of γδ T-cell lymphoma with severe hepatosplenomegaly was reported. A 17-year-old male was admitted to the Mie university hospital in Nov., 1991, because of jaundice and hepatosplenomegaly. Neither lymphadenopathy nor skin rush was detected. Laboratory data showed mild anemia, thrombocytopenia, and elevated serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level (1338IU). Leucocyte count was 4790/μl with no abnormal finding. Bone marrow aspiration showed that nucleated cell count was 22.9×10⁴/μl with 52.8% abnormal cells. The cells were large and had irregular nuclei and abundant cytoplasm without azulophilic granule. Their phenotype was CD3⁺ CD4^- CD8^- WT31^- TCRδ1⁺ TdT^-. DNA analysis of bone marrow mononuclear cells revealed rearrangements of T-cell receptor (TCR) γ and δ chain genes, and germline configulation in TCRβ chain gene and immunoglobulin heavy chain gene. He was diagnosed as γδ T-cell lymphoma (clinical stage IV B), and was first treated with combination therapy of CHOP and granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF). The hepatosplenomegaly slightly regressed, but the abnormal cells in bone marrow did not decreased. The therapy was switched to one with carboplatin, ifosfamide, etoposide, and dexamethasone. The hepatosplenomegaly disappeared and the abnormal findings of bone marrow returned to normal. He is alive with partial response disease 7 months after the diagnosis.

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Angiogenesis of the experimental-gastric ulcer was investigated by means of immunohistochemical staining using monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) related to adhesion molecules. In order to study the regulation of the antigen-expression defined by REC16-11, REC4-1 and ICAM-1, which recognize varieties of endothelial cells, we assessed their expression on the microvasculature in the granulation tissues using a model of acetic acid-induced gastric ulcer in rats. Microvasculature in the deep layer of granulation tissues were stained by REC16-11 within 5 days of the ulcer development. In contrast, REC4-1 and/or ICAM-1 were detected in microvasculature only from 10 days, in parallel with the degree of LFA-1-positive lymphocytic infiltration around REC4-1-positive-vessels. In cases of healed ulcer on 40 days, the distribution of the positive reaction with those MoAbs was similar to the normal rats. In cases of unhealed ulcers at the same period, REC16-11-positive-vessels were observed in all vascular endothelial cells of the granulation tissues. However, REC4-1 and/or ICAM-1-positive-vessels had the same pattern as the cases on 15 days. The cell adhesion molecules were expressed temporary on the endothelial cells of these microvasculature during the development of granulation tissues after gastric ulcer. Based on these results, it was suggested that the antigens related to adhesion molecules on the endothelial cells may play an important role in the healing process of gastric ulcer.

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