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Volume 14, Issue 69
Displaying 1-13 of 13 articles from this issue
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Morio SEKI, Tsuneshichi TANAKA, Shinpei DENOH1971 Volume 14 Issue 69 Pages 183-190
Published: 1971
Released on J-STAGE: February 15, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA method was proposed for the quantitative evaluation of the progress of fatigue damage caused by stresses below the endurance limit. The fundamental assumptions are that the material has a finite life at the stress σ2 below the endurance limit just as it has a finite life at the stress σ1 above the endurance limit, when σ2 is combined with σ1, and that the accumulation of the fatigue damage is proportional to the number of stress cycles. New S-N curves representing the relation between the stress and the life in the range below the endurance limit were obtained by conducting two-stress single-block and two-stress repeated-block fatigue tests. Program load tests were also conducted, and the lives obtained were compared with the estimated lives based on the above assumptions and the new S-N curves. It was ascertained that the evaluations based on the new S-N curves lead to reasonable estimations of fatigue lives for complex load histories within the range of the experiment.View full abstractDownload PDF (796K) -
Eiryo SHIRATORI, Shin-ichiro NISHI, Akio IIDA, Takeshi Ichikawa1971 Volume 14 Issue 69 Pages 191-198
Published: 1971
Released on J-STAGE: February 15, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe strength in low cycle fatigue of a high speed rotating disc, caused by the repeated start and stop of rotation, was experimentally studied by using aluminium and brass discs. Results of the disc-test were compared with those of the uniaxial push-pull fatigue test conducted under the same loading condition as that in the most highly stressed region of the disc. There was no good coincidence between them. However, the prediction of the fatigue life of the rotating disc based on the push-pull test values falls on a safety side. Results oft he disc-test were also examined with a theory of cyclic creep deformation of a disc presented by the authors. The critical number of cycles corresponding to the start of unstable cyclic creep deformation was found to be pretty larger than the number of cycles to fracture of the disc obtained by the experiment.View full abstractDownload PDF (775K) -
Hirochika INOUE1971 Volume 14 Issue 69 Pages 199-207
Published: 1971
Released on J-STAGE: February 15, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSComputer control of an artificial hand which is incorporated with the tactile sense and force reflection is studied. In this experimental system, a digital computer is linked to the analog-type position-servomechanisms of the artificial hand using D/A and A/D converters, so that the position references can be changed repeatedly in the direction of decreasing the measured error signals. To deal with the versatility of the operation, the software system consists of a supervisory program and many basic program modules which correspond to respective basic manipulations. Furthermore, a symbolic command language which is adequate for such a purpose is prepared. It has been shown that the greatest difficulties in carrying out the complex and dexterous manipulations such as inserting a pin into a hole, turning a crank, etc., are solved by introducing the concept of bilateral servomechanism into the programming of the control computer.View full abstractDownload PDF (1378K) -
Towa KOBAYASHI, Yukio TOMITA1971 Volume 14 Issue 69 Pages 208-216
Published: 1971
Released on J-STAGE: February 15, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to study the laminar flow behavior of viscoelastic fluids with a high Reynolds number, the pressure distributions in the inlet region of a circular tube were measured by using polymer solutions which were relatively stable at high shear rates. From the results obtained, it was found that the pressure drops of the viscoelastic fluids were appreciably greater than those calculated by the theoretical analysis of the non-Newtonian, inelastic fluids, and also that such greater pressure drops for the viscoelastic fluids could not be explained by the present theory in which the effect of the normal stress is taken into account as the viscoelasticity. It is considered that the disagreement above mentioned is caused by the memory property of the viscoelastic fluids. The pressure distributions were calculated by assuming that the memory effect on the wall shear stress in the inlet region can be given by the first order differential equation.View full abstractDownload PDF (848K) -
Masao TAGA, Koji AKAGAWA, Masanao NISHIJIMA1971 Volume 14 Issue 69 Pages 217-223
Published: 1971
Released on J-STAGE: February 15, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn this report, the reattachment phenomenon of a single two-dimensional air jet to an adjacent wall is discussed in order to investigate the fundamental flow characteristics of the gas in the combustion chamber. This study emphasizes the following items more than previous studies on the phenomenon in the fluid-jet amplifiers. (1) The effect of inclination angle of the slot on the flow characteristics. (2) The relation between the curvature of the main stream line and the distribution of static pressure. (3) The effect of the existence of a side wall opposite to the reattached wall. (4) The distribution of the temporal mean velocity and the fluctuating velocity component in the curved jet.View full abstractDownload PDF (641K) -
Takao YOSHIKAWA, Toshimitsu MURASAKI1971 Volume 14 Issue 69 Pages 224-233
Published: 1971
Released on J-STAGE: February 15, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to obtain a highly ionized gas at the location of measurement, a conventional plasma wind tunnel is remodeled into a new one with the ring anode. As the result of remodeling, the freely expanding plasma flow is heated by Joule-heat. At the outset, the characteristics of the arc jet are investigated experimentally. Secondly, temperature distributions are measured by spectroscopic methods and the flow velocity is measured by making use of bright points existing in the plasma jet. The results indicate that the new remodeled arc jet can be given more electric power than a conventional arc jet, and the highly ionized gas is sustained far downstream. The diameter of the arc column and the temperature calculated theoretically, agree with the experimental results. Current distributions are calculated theoretically on the assumption that the electron temperature is different from the gas temperature. The results indicate that currents run little at the back of the ring anode.View full abstractDownload PDF (987K) -
Ok-yong YANG, Tomio SHIMADA, Kazuo TANISHITA, G.Takeshi SATO1971 Volume 14 Issue 69 Pages 234-247
Published: 1971
Released on J-STAGE: February 15, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTotal energy system of gas turbine is a gas turbine powered energy plant which generates the heat output besides the shaft power. In this paper, the basic thermodynamic characteristics of the plant which satisfies two requirements, such as electric power generation and central heating and cooling, are discussed. The high temperature of turbine exhaust causes a lower thermal efficiency than other conventional prime movers, but by recovering the wasted heat by boiler from 60% to 85% of the input energy is converted to shaft power and available heat. And the excess air ratio in gas turbine cycle is so large that supplementary fuel can be fired in the waste heat boiler. Thus, by controlling the supplementary fuel and the by-pass valve of the regenerator, this system shows fine flexibility in its operation. Also, the characteristic chart of this total energy system in part-load is presented for determining the operating conditions.View full abstractDownload PDF (1295K) -
Osamu KAWAGUCHI, G.Takeshi SATO1971 Volume 14 Issue 69 Pages 248-256
Published: 1971
Released on J-STAGE: February 15, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSwirling motion produces notable effects on diffusion or premixed flames, making the flame short and highly stable throughout a wide range of fuel-air ratios. In order to explain these effects, experiments were carried out in a series of axisymmetrical turbulent air jets with swirl, and measurements were made of velocity profiles and turbulence intensity profiles. In the case of high degree of swirl, a recirculation region is set up in the vicinity of the nozzle exit and the velocity decay is very large and, in addition, the turbulence intensity increases. The swirl number is taken to characterize the swirling air jets. The dependence of the swirl number on the total flow rates and on the ratio of the flow rates of the air introduced tangentially to that introduced axially into the swirl generator is discussed.View full abstractDownload PDF (854K) -
Takeshi OKA, Soichi ISHIHARA1971 Volume 14 Issue 69 Pages 257-267
Published: 1971
Released on J-STAGE: February 15, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThere has been few investigations of the relation between scavenging flow of a two-stroke cycle engine and its efficiency. To investigate the relation, the process in which the water in a transparent cylinder was scavenged by injection of a colored salt solution was photographed. By measuring the specific gravity of contents in the cylinder after scavenging, scavenging efficiency was calculated, and the results were compared with theoretical scavenging characteristic curves. These experiments were carried out on a two-dimensional scavenging flow in a model with a fixed piston and on a three-dimensional scavenging flow in a model with a movable piston. It is concluded that, (1) scavenging efficiency varies continuously with delivery ratio, (2) vortex motion of scavenging does not appear within the delivery ratios of engines which are in practical use, and (3) the deterioration of scavenging efficiency is caused mainly by the pure short-circuiting loss.View full abstractDownload PDF (1945K) -
Sanae WADA, Hirotsugu HAYASHI1971 Volume 14 Issue 69 Pages 268-278
Published: 1971
Released on J-STAGE: February 15, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIt is well known that lubricating oils, with viscosity index improver added, exhibit the same behavior as pseudo-plastic fluids. Though the theory of hydrodynamic lubrication flow for non-Newtonian fluids of this type is important, it has not been developed thoroughly due to difficulties involved in analytical and experimental treatments .The modified Reynolds equation introducing a "nonlinear factor" quantity is presented in this paper. This equation is solved by the perturbation method in the case of a small nonlinear factor and by a digital computer in the case of a large one. Applying this theory to journal bearings, the relation between the nonlinearity of lubricants and the performance of bearings, such as film pressure, load capacity, frictional force and attitude angle, can be clarified.View full abstractDownload PDF (930K) -
Sanae WADA, Hirotsugu HAYASHI1971 Volume 14 Issue 69 Pages 279-286
Published: 1971
Released on J-STAGE: February 15, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFew experimental investigations on the relation between the nonlinearity of lubricants and the performance of bearings have been published. Theoretical analysis of the relation was presented in the first paper, and experimental analysis of this problem is conducted in this paper. The initial viscosity and the coefficient of pseudo-plasticity are given by the investigation of the flow rate of pseudo-plastic fluids obtained by adding polyisobutylene to spindle oils. The coefficient of pseudo-plasticity is a scale to indicate the behavior of this lubricant. Analyzing the experimental results of the performance of bearings using this lubricant, it is found that the film pressure and the load capacity of pseudo-plastic fluids are smaller than those of Newtonian fluids whose viscosity is equal to the initial viscosity. These values become smaller with an increase in nonlinear factor and eccentricity ratio of bearing.View full abstractDownload PDF (787K) -
Norio TAKEHARA, Katsuyoshi KAMIYA, Kohji FUJINO1971 Volume 14 Issue 69 Pages 287-293
Published: 1971
Released on J-STAGE: February 15, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSMany automobile manufactures have been making much efforts to develop a numerically controlled body die making system. This paper discusses the systematic theory of the original computer program, especially one on the body surface generation from full size mylar drawings and the tool path generation for die sinking. A lot of flexible capabilities especially for body surfaces are developed instead of the current universal software APT. As a result of research and execution, master models and press dies of outer panels have been sculptured by NC die sinkers.View full abstractDownload PDF (833K) -
Katsundo HITOMI1971 Volume 14 Issue 69 Pages 294-302
Published: 1971
Released on J-STAGE: February 15, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA fundamental mathematical model for profit obtained in unit time interval of machining operation was built. It was found from this model analysis that the general formula expressing the cutting speed for the maximum profit per unit time interval derived from the model coincides with one obtained from the break-even analysis with linearity assumption. It was concluded that this optimal cutting speed for the maximum profit per unit time interval exists between the cutting seeds for the minimum cost per unit piece produced and for the maximum production rate per unit time interval. It was also found that the optimal combination of feed rate and cutting speed for the maximum-profit criterion is not determined uniquely under normal conditions. The procedure of numerical computation for obtaining the maximum-profit cutting speed and its computer program were developed and used to solve typical examples of economical machining.View full abstractDownload PDF (921K)
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