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Volume 21, Issue 156
Displaying 1-14 of 14 articles from this issue
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Kiyotsugu OHJI, Keiji OGURA, Shoji HARADA, Tsutomu TAJI1978 Volume 21 Issue 156 Pages 939-947
Published: 1978
Released on J-STAGE: February 15, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis paper deals with the fatigue crack growth behavior of an anisotropic rolled steel plate (SB56M). Two groups of materials were prepared by annealing and spheroidizing treatments, so that the effects of the laminated structure and the mechanical fibering of inclusion, both of which were produced by rolling, could be separated. The fatigue crack growth behavior in various anisotropy directions was examined microscopically as well as macroscopically. The crack growth behavior was much more anisotropic with the annealed material than with the spheroidized material. It is concluded with this class of the steel plate investigated that the anisotropy in the behavior of crack growth on the microscopic and macroscopic levels was primarily affected and controlled by the laminate structure, while the inclusions gave a secondary effect on the anisotropy of crack growth.View full abstractDownload PDF (1240K) -
Masaharu KAGE, Hironobu NISITANI1978 Volume 21 Issue 156 Pages 948-954
Published: 1978
Released on J-STAGE: February 15, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTorsional fatigue tests were carried out, after electropolishing the specimens cut out of a rolled steel in the rolling, the thickness and the 45° directions. The fatigue processes were observed successively by the metallurgical microscope. The main results obtained are as follows : 1) The torsional fatigue limit of each directional specimen is always controlled by the limiting conditions for the propagation of cracks occurring from inclusions. 2) The torsional fatigue cracks occurring from inclusions are initiated within the first 5 % of the lifetime of a specimen. 3) In both bending and torsional fatigues, the effect of inclusions on the fatigue strength is small in the bar-shaped inclusions, but large in the circular-plate shaped inclusions. 4) When the stress of the torsional fatigue limit is repeated in each directional specimen, each length of the non-propagating cracks initiated from inclusions reaches the saturated value before approximately 2×106 cycle repetitions.View full abstractDownload PDF (2067K) -
Masanori KURITA1978 Volume 21 Issue 156 Pages 955-962
Published: 1978
Released on J-STAGE: February 15, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe equations for the standard deviation (s.d.) of the stress measured by n points parabola and the Gaussian curve fitting methods are given. The peak position of a diffraction line calculated by the parabola method becomes q=xm+1 - d (Σtizi)/(ΣTiZi) where, m=n(n-1)/2, x=2θ°, ti=i-1-m, c=xi+1-xi, d=(n2-4)c/10, Ti=3t2i -(n2-1)/4, and Zi=accumulated counts(y) corrected for LPA factor. The s.d. of the stress p by the sin2ψ method (ψ0=0°, 15°, 30°, 45°) is given approximately by [numerical formula] where, Y=ym+1 and R=(y1+yn)/(2Y) at ψ0=30°. The stress has been determined to within s.d. of 1 ∼ 2 kg/mm2 for a hardened steel S50C having a broad diffraction line with a half breadth of about 8 degrees 2θ.View full abstractDownload PDF (772K) -
Mitsunori MIKI, Taichi FUJII1978 Volume 21 Issue 156 Pages 963-969
Published: 1978
Released on J-STAGE: February 15, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFiber reinforced plastics with some fibers parallel to the loading direction could be considered an elastic body which is subject to cumulative failure because the residual strain was relatively small. The tensile stress and strain relations of such materials were analyzed by using a stochastic cumulative failure model with Strong Part and Weak Part. Their failure processes were one-step stochastic processes and the transition probabilities were expressed as a simple function of the stress applied to each Part. The constitutive equation of this failure model is very simple and the culculated results show a good agreement with the experimental results.View full abstractDownload PDF (688K) -
Koki MIZOGUCHI, Toshio HIRANO1978 Volume 21 Issue 156 Pages 970-979
Published: 1978
Released on J-STAGE: February 15, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn this paper, the problem of an underground pipe subjected to the soil pressure due to a vertical concentrated force acting on the surface of the ground, is studied by an exact method. The deformations and stresses in an underground pipe are discussed using a differential equation of a thin cylindrical shell introduced by one of the authors. Assuming that the ground is a semi-infinite elastic solid, the stresses in soil mass are given by the solutions of Boussinesq or the modified equations by Frohlich. In addition, the coefficient of subgrade reaction is used in order to take into consideration that the external pressure on the buried pipe depends on the deformations of the thin tube. Comparing the theoretical results with the experimental ones, the experimental data are in better agreement with the results obtained by using Frohlich equations rather than using Boussinesq ones.View full abstractDownload PDF (676K) -
Kichinosuke TANAKA, Yoshio IWAHASHI1978 Volume 21 Issue 156 Pages 980-985
Published: 1978
Released on J-STAGE: February 15, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSLongitudinal transient strain waves in a semi-infinite rectangular bar are analized based on the elasticity equations. Asymptotic solutions are obtained which are valid at large distance from the impacted end. The expression of the axial strain includes the effect of warping of plane sections and completely coincides with that of a circular bar if the radius of gyration of the cross sections is the same.View full abstractDownload PDF (651K) -
Hisaaki DAIGUJI, Hideaki SAKAI1978 Volume 21 Issue 156 Pages 986-991
Published: 1978
Released on J-STAGE: February 15, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe finite element method for the unsteady two-dimensional inviscid rotational flow through a cascade proposed in the previous paper (l) was extended in order to apply to the varying flow rate case. The most important improved point is the treatments of the trailing vortex wake. Two basic oscillatory flows through flat plate cascades which have either parallel or normal velocity disturbance to the cascade were analysed. The calculated results agreed substantially with the existing one. Then the lift forces of a double-circular arc cascade were compared with that of the corresponding flat plate cascade. The present method is applicable to the flows through arbitrarily formed cascades with relatively large periodic and non-periodic variations of flow rate.View full abstractDownload PDF (629K) -
Sei-ichi IIDA1978 Volume 21 Issue 156 Pages 992-999
Published: 1978
Released on J-STAGE: February 15, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA slightly non-linear case of stability is treated when the non-dimensional amplitude A0 of the disturbances in a two-dimensional stagnation region of a cylindrical blunt body is not so large that the derivative of A02 with respect to a non-dimensional time τ can be expressed as dA02/dτ = 2A02 (α0 + αlA02) where, α0 and αl denote the respective growth factors of the first and second degrees. The mutual combination between the signs of α0 and αl has an important significance for the problem of non-linear stability. In this paper, the results of αl < 0 is obtained by determining the value of αl such that the integration of the kinetic energy involved in the disturbances becomes minimum up to the higher order of magnitude. This result suggests that the flow in the stagnation region reaches the state of super-critical equilibrium when the Reynolds number exceeds the critical value.View full abstractDownload PDF (813K) -
Masataka SHIRAKASHI, Yukio TOMITA1978 Volume 21 Issue 156 Pages 1000-1007
Published: 1978
Released on J-STAGE: February 15, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAlthough Taylor's single-particle theory is available for the diffusion of a scalar quantity in homogeneous turbulent flows, it cannot be satisfactorily applied when the source has a finite width. By using a convective coordinate system which moves with the diffusing smoke, we propose a method for predicting the diffusion from this type of source. A definite relation was found between the relative diffusion about the centre of mass of the smoke and its meandering motion. Further, the influence on the two-particle diffusion of the shapes of correlation function was found to be large even for a long diffusion time. The diffusion of a scalar quantity in a mixing region of parallel-flowing laminar and turbulent fluids is studied. Using a coordinate system fixed on the boundary between the laminar and turbulent regions as the convective system, it becomes possible to predict the time-mean concentration distribution, even though the phenomenon is intermittent.View full abstractDownload PDF (734K) -
Mitsuaki OCHI, Kikaku IKEMORI1978 Volume 21 Issue 156 Pages 1008-1014
Published: 1978
Released on J-STAGE: February 15, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe minimum transport velocity required to prevent the accumulation of particles on the bottom of a horizontal conduit was determined theoretically and experimentally in a 50 mm pipe for cereals having mean diameters from 2.0 to 4.1 mm. When the flow rate ratio of solids to air mTC is so large as for mTC to be from 10 to 60, the correlation between particle settling velocity wsε and minimum transport air velocity vc is well expressed by vc=2.87wsε√(f<SUB)K>, where fK is a kinetic coefficient of friction between solids and pipe wall. This characteristic equation for minimum transport velocity was confirmed to be in good agreement with the values of the experimental data published in and outside Japan.View full abstractDownload PDF (809K) -
Shigeru TSUJI, Hiroshi KATAKURA1978 Volume 21 Issue 156 Pages 1015-1021
Published: 1978
Released on J-STAGE: February 15, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe results of a study about the effects of the diffusion of dissolved air on a small bubble rising due to buoyancy in a hydraulic oil are presented in this paper for both cases when pressure change is absent and when present. In the former case it is confirmed theoretically and experimentally that the dissolved air affects the process of the change in diameter of the bubble and that the diameter changes linearly with time in an oil when the air dissolved in it is not saturated. In the latter case the process of the change in diameter of the small amplitude is analyzed, and it is confirmed theoretically that the bubble may become larger even when the dissolved air is saturated at the average pressure.View full abstractDownload PDF (632K) -
Tamotsu IGARASHI1978 Volume 21 Issue 156 Pages 1022-1030
Published: 1978
Released on J-STAGE: February 15, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSExperiments were carried out to investigate the natural convective oscillatory flow of air caused by a line heat source placed concentrically along the axis of a horizontal rectangular chamber. For various values of the aspect ratio of the cross section of the chamber z, the frequency of this oscillatory flow motion and the initial conditions under which the oscillation of the flow commences are obtained. The flow patterns are found to be specific to the oscillation frequency and can be divided into three distinct regimes depending on the range of aspect ratios z. For a given regime, the frequency depends only on the horizontal distance between the heat source and the side wall.View full abstractDownload PDF (980K) -
Kenichi ITO, Masafumi SASAKI, Syoichi FUKAZAWA1978 Volume 21 Issue 156 Pages 1031-1037
Published: 1978
Released on J-STAGE: February 15, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe stability limits were measured for a double concentric propane-air premixed jet flame. The burner tubes have an 8 mm inner diameter with rims of 0-7 mm thicknesses. The flame was stabilized in a higher velocity region where the rim is of sufficient thickness because of a recirculation zone forming behind a thick rim. For the recirculation zone, the aerodynamic structures such as the length and flow directions were investigated as well as the thermodynamic structures, that is, the distribution of temperatures, gas components concentration and local mixing ratio. The results showed that the real mixing ratio of the recirculation zone changed with the flow conditions. The real mixing ratio was measured by CO2 trace method with cold flow, and was predicted successfully with a simple assumption for the ratio of the mass exchanges.View full abstractDownload PDF (762K) -
Yoshio IMAMURA, Sennosuke SATO1978 Volume 21 Issue 156 Pages 1038-1046
Published: 1978
Released on J-STAGE: February 15, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDynamic stress or strain distributions in a small helical gear are measured in gear teeth meshing practically by means of the copper electroplating method. The results obtained here are as follows : (i) Characteristic appearances of stress or strain distributions in a helical gear due to the helix angle and thrust are demonstrated illustratively. (ii) Measured stresses in the tooth surface and the root of side surface are compared quantitatively with the nominal stresses by usual design formula and are shown in forms of strain concentration factors, and (iii) the dynamic effects of velocity and load are determined from different operating conditions of revolution speed and torque.View full abstractDownload PDF (1182K)
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