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Toshimi KONDO, Hideki SEKINE, Osamu TAMATE
1985 Volume 28 Issue 239 Pages
761-768
Published: 1985
Released on J-STAGE: February 15, 2008
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The present paper deals with the longitudinal shear of an anisotropic elastic half-space with an elastic flat inclusion. The method of the replacement of flat inclusions by continuous distributions of concentrated forces is expanded to apply to the longitudinal shear problem of an anisotropic medium. The advantage of this method is that the singular integral equations can be derived systematically and the strength of the stress singularity at the tips of he elastic flat inclusion can be easily obtained. In order to clarify the influence of anisotropy, free surface, inclination of the inclusion and rigidity of the inclusion, on the strength of stress singularity at the tips of the inclusion, numerical calculations are performed and the results are shown in figures.
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Toshikazu SHIBUYA, Takashi KOIZUMI, Toshimitsu TAKAGI
1985 Volume 28 Issue 239 Pages
769-775
Published: 1985
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In an elastic contact between two uneven surfaces, elastic bodies come in contact with each other smoothly along the inner and outer contact edges, and both edges vary with the applied force or displacement. In the case of a small protrusion, we can approximate it as a parabolic one. In the previous paper, we analyzed the three-dimensional elastic contact problem of an elastic layer pressed by uniform pressure on a rigid base with a smooth parabolic protrusion. In the present paper, we consider a similar problem of an elastic layer being pressed by uniform displacement on the upper surface of the layer.
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Minoru HAMADA, Jun KODAMA
1985 Volume 28 Issue 239 Pages
776-783
Published: 1985
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The stress concentration problem of an infinitely long elastic circular cylinder containing a spherical cavity under tension is treated in this study. The method adopted here is a numerical one in which the general solution for the three-dimensional axisymmetric problem is recurrently superposed to satisfy the boundary conditions on the surfaces of the cavity and cylinder. The stress concentration factor is obtained by this method for various values of Poisson's ratio and the ratio between the radii of the cavity and the cylinder. The calculated results are indicated in a diagram and a table. By these results the accuracy of the stress concentration factor obtained before by C. B. Ling is examined.
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Kazuo HONDA, Takaaki SARAI, Takashi YANO
1985 Volume 28 Issue 239 Pages
784-791
Published: 1985
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X-ray elastic constant of metals having a texture in the state of plastic deformation is calculated from the distributions of axis densities measured by a simple procedure. The results are examined experimentally by X-ray stress measurement of a rolled steel sheet being in the state of plastic deformation and in the unloaded condition after it. The X-ray stress evaluated taking account of a texture is in good correspondence with the mechanical stress, and it seems that the stress in the surface layer is different from that in the interior of the specimen in the state of plastic deformation. In the case of unloaded condition, the residual stresses in the surface layer and in the bulk can be obtained respectively from the measured values of residual lattice strain by using X-ray elastic constants in the cases of elastic and plastic deformations.
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Yoshihisa MINAKUCHI
1985 Volume 28 Issue 239 Pages
792-798
Published: 1985
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A quantitative measurement of contact pressure by means of ultrasonic waves using a normal probe has been proposed to measure the contact pressure on a bolted joint with a solid-metal flat gasket. At first, in a proposed calibration method, the relation between mean contact pressure and sound pressure of reflected waves is obtained using the calibration blocks with various surface roughnesses and heights made of the same material as the bolted joint. Both sides of the laminated finite hollow cylinders are compressed under a locally uniform pressure, and the sound pressure of reflected waves is measured. From these relations, the contact pressure is obtained. The experimental results agree approximately with the theoretical ones. It is demonstrated that the gasket has an effect of preventing the leakage and the proposed ultrasonic method is practically useful.
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Munekazu OHMI, Susumu KYOMEN, Tateo USUI
1985 Volume 28 Issue 239 Pages
799-806
Published: 1985
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Numerical calculations of a transient turbulent flow after instantaneous closure of a downstream valve is a single pipe line having an upstream reservoir are made by applying a previous method in which wall shear stress is evaluated from the cross-sectional distribution of instantaneous axial velocities. The variations of pressure, wall shear stress, and the cross-sectional distribution of axial velocities are shown schematically. Numerical analyses of a turbulent-laminar, a laminar, and a quasi-steady flow, and furthermore an analysis using an expression for wall shear stress reported previously are done. Thus calculated results of pressure are compared with experimental data. The critical condition in which analysis of laminar flow is applicable to the region of a transient turbulent flow is also presented.
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Masatoshi SANO, Naomichi HIRAYAMA
1985 Volume 28 Issue 239 Pages
807-814
Published: 1985
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An experimental investigation is performed on turbulent boundary layers with injection and suction through a slit. The velocity profile, turbulent energy, auto-correlation function, energy spectrum, and energy balance are measured in detail, and the influence of injection and suction through a slit on the turbulent boundary layers is presented. The process of recovery to an equilibrium state from non-equilibrium state is investigated. Main results are summarized as follows. The effects of injection and suction on velocity profiles and turbulence characteristics are small in the vicinity of the wall. On the other hand, the effects of injection clearly appear in the outer layer region of the turbulent boundary layer. Convection, production, and dissipation of turbulence energy increase with injection and decrease with suction.
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Shiki OKAMOTO
1985 Volume 28 Issue 239 Pages
815-823
Published: 1985
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This paper presents an experimental investigation of a flow past a bluff body of square section placed on ground plane. The experiment was carried out in an N. P. L. type wind tunnel having a working section of 500 × 500 × 2000 mm at the Reynolds number 4.79 × 10
4. The distributions of velocities, static pressures and turbulent intensities of the flow past a bluff body were measured, and the drag and lift coefficients were determined from the pressure distribution on the surface of the bluff body. The vortices generated behind the bluff body were visualized by ink in a water tank at a Reynolds number 1.06 × 10
3. It is found that the drag coefficient decreases with an increasing length/width ratio and the wake is almost the same as that for square plate and bodies of length/width ratio 0.5 and 1.0, except for length/width ratio 1.5.
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Koji ENOKIDA, Tetsushi OKAMOTO
1985 Volume 28 Issue 239 Pages
824-830
Published: 1985
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This paper presents an experimental investigation of the characteristics of a two-dimensional turbulent jet deflected by the flaps attached at both sides of the nozzle. It was found that the deflection angle was nearly equal to the flap angle when the flap angle was less than the critical angle and it approached the deflection angle for one-side flap. And the length of potential core, decay of maximum velocity and spread of jet were varied with the flap angle, but were unchanged by the flap width.
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Shoji TAKAGI, Keiju TAKAHASHI
1985 Volume 28 Issue 239 Pages
831-836
Published: 1985
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This paper is concerned with a piston pump without valves which consists of a piping system with a T-junction, two capacities connected with both ends of the main pipe, and a piston installed in the lateral pipe. Pumping effect is examined theoretically and experimentally. The study is confined to the case that the time average flow in the main pipe is zero. The effect of resonance phenomena on the pump characteristics was clarified. The effect of system parameters on the pump characteristics was also clarified. The analytical results obtained from a mathematical model proposed in this paper were found to be good agreement with the experimental data.
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Ryoji OKUTSU, Sadao KURAMOCHI, Eisuke OUTA, Tadahiro MACHIYAMA
1985 Volume 28 Issue 239 Pages
837-845
Published: 1985
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Features of noise and vibration generated by a cage-guided control valve are discussed. In this type of valve, kinetic energy of the throttled jets is dissipated by mutual collision of the jets themselves. The pressure reduction process is made considerably smooth, and the noise level becomes lower than that of a freely expanding jet. However, due to a resonance between the jets and the valve cavity, a transitional increase of noise appears remarkably in a two-jets configuration within a pressure range of low supercritical flow. For a six-jets configuration, such a noise increase is suppressed, and, instead, stem vibration of high level is induced. Finally, the configuration of two-jets makes the static thrust increase with an increasing valve opening. This feature may cause a vibration of an elastically positioned stem of the valve.
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Akira YOKOGAWA, Motomitsu SUZUKI, Tooru SHIMIZU
1985 Volume 28 Issue 239 Pages
846-853
Published: 1985
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In order to examine the relationship between the turnbulence intensity and the fiber concentration unevenness in the flow of pulp suspension, these quantities were measured in a duct with various types of turbulence generators installed at the duct inlet. The turbulence intensity of suspension flow was measured by two small pressure transducers and the concentration unevenness was measured as the intensity fluctuation of light transmitted through the pulp suspension in the duct section. The results show that the concentration unevenness is inversly related to the turbulence intensity. It is also found that there is a time delay in change of the concentration unevenness due to the turbulence. It is believed that the test results provide useful information on development of improved paper-machine headboxes.
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Takeshi KUNITOMO, Yasushi TSUBOI, Hamdy M. SHAFEY
1985 Volume 28 Issue 239 Pages
854-859
Published: 1985
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The radiative properties of a particle dispersed medium were investigated experimentally and theoretically for the case of high particle volume concentration, and the following results were obtained. The assumption of independent scattering of an isolated particle is not sufficient to obtain a solution for the radiative transfer of multiple scattering and absorption in a dispersed medium of high particle volume concentration. With an increase of particle volume concentration, the scattering coefficient decreases in the case of a medium of low absorption coefficient. In the case of a medium of high absorption coefficient, the increase of absorption coefficient and the decrease of scattering coefficient take place simultaneously.
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Hiroshi YAMASHITA, Ryotaro IZUMI, Hayato MAEDA, Yasuhiko SUGIURA
1985 Volume 28 Issue 239 Pages
860-867
Published: 1985
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The rotating condenser with a scraper is considered as a new equipment to be used in promoting the condensing heat transfer. In this report, we analyze the case where a condensate film on a rotating vertical cylinder is scraped off mechanically by a plate. An analytical solution for transient film condensation on a vertical plate is obtained, and it is applied to an infinitesimal element on the outer surface of the vertical cylinder. The degree of enhancement due to scraping is expressed in terms of the mean Nusselt number ratio. And the effects of speed of rotation, temperature difference between vapor and condenser surface and gap between wall and scraper on heat transfer are examined.
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Hiroshi YAMASHITA, Ryotaro IZUMI, Hayato MAEDA, Yasuhiko SUGIURA
1985 Volume 28 Issue 239 Pages
868-875
Published: 1985
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A rotating condenser with a scraper is considered as a new equipment to be used in promoting the condensing heat transfer. In this report, we analyze the case where the condensate film on a rotating horizontal cylinder is scraped off mechanically by a plate. An ordinary differential equation for condensate thickness is derived with several incidental conditions, and is integrated by a numerical method. The condensate state is classified according to the combination of the conditions. The degree of enhancement due to scraping is expressed in terms of the mean Nusselt number ratio. And the effects of speed of rotation, temperature difference between vapor and condenser surface and position of scraper on heat transfer are examined.
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Susurnu NODA, Kyoji KIMOTO, Ryuichi MATSUMOTO, Tsuyoshi NAKAJIMA, Wata ...
1985 Volume 28 Issue 239 Pages
876-882
Published: 1985
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This paper is concerned with the turbulence structure in a rich premixed jet flame (stoichiometry Φ=1.9). The turbulence structure is discussed experimentally in terms of the turbulent energy and the Reynolds stress. As a result, a flame of Φ= 1.9 generates a smaller turbulence than one of Φ=1.1 because of the smaller bending of the streamline on the flame front in the present flame. Moreover, the formation of the flame front in the mixing region suppresses the turbulence and laminarizes locally the field.
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Seiichi TANABE, Hiroshi IWATA, Yukio KASHIWADA
1985 Volume 28 Issue 239 Pages
883-889
Published: 1985
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The effects of two types of intake ports on swirl characteristics were investigated in motoring and steady flow tests. One port was a directional type and the other was a spiral type. Two methods for predicting swirl speeds were also checked for their availabilities. The conclusions are as follows : Velocity profiles of swirl at various place inside cylinder are not similar to each other but variable remarkably. The swirl speed distribution along the cylinder axis, however, is almost uniform. A swirl producing ability of intake port is not necessarily assessed by the result of a steady flow test using a paddle wheel anemometry. Predicted swirl speeds are affected by intake ports.
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Koichi MARUYAMA, Osamu ICHINOMIYA
1985 Volume 28 Issue 239 Pages
890-893
Published: 1985
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The real time technique of time averaged holographic interferometry has been applied to determine the natural frequencies and the corresponding mode shapes for the transverse vibrations of clamped circular plates with a straight eccentric narrow slit. Eccentricity and length of the slit have been selected as parameters, while width of the slit has been kept constant. The first six natural modes are discussed. Most of the natural frequencies show a decreasing tendency as the slit length increases, and the tendency becomes larger when the slit coincides with, or is parallel to one of nodal diameters. The change of the natural frequencies with the slit eccentricity varies with each mode, and especially in that of the higher modes than the third mode cannot be found any regularity.
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Tsuneo TSUIJI
1985 Volume 28 Issue 239 Pages
894-898
Published: 1985
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This paper presents the derivation of the equations governing the response of a thin-walled pretwisted beam under axial loadings. The equations of motion, taking into account the coupling effects of torsional and longitudinal vibrations and deformations due to axial loading, are derived by means of the principle of virtual work. Frequency parameters of the coupled torsional and longitudinal vibration for pretwitsted cantilever beams of thin rectangular cross-section are obtained under axial tensile forces. The results show that the pretwisted and the axial force have considerable influence on the torsional vibration.
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Satoru FUKATA, Emil Halim GAD, Takahiro KONDOU, Takashi AYABE, Hideyuk ...
1985 Volume 28 Issue 239 Pages
899-904
Published: 1985
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Computer simulation is used to analyze the radial vibration of ball bearings in order to overcome the experimental and theoretical difficulties : the experimental difficulties are due to the complicated interaction of the dominant factors while the theoretical difficulties are due to the nonlinear spring behaviour and time-dependent excitation of ball bearings. The inner ring motion, which involves the Perret-Meldau problem, is considered in the radial plane for an ideal bearing the massive inner ring of which rotates at a constant speed under a constant radial load. The results show that superharmonic, subharmonic, beat and chaos-like vibrations appear, in addition to harmonic vibration which synchronizes with ball passage.
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Masaaki OOKUMA, Akio NAGAMATSU
1985 Volume 28 Issue 239 Pages
905-910
Published: 1985
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The authors propose a method for calculating accurately the residual compliance matrix of structures with free-free boundary condition in this paper. A total structure must be divided into several substructures when it is analyzed by substructure synthesis methods. In doing this, the majority of the substructure will be under free-free boundary condition. For such substructure the residual compliance matrix cannot be obtained accurately by the usual method. So it is important to propose a new method for calculating the accurate residual compliance matrix of the structures with free-free boundary condition. Algorithms of the usual method and the method proposed by the authors as well as Hansteen are given. Numerical examples about a simple case are also shown.
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Masatugu YOSHIZAWA, Toshimitsu TAKIZAWA, Yashushi TSUJIOKA
1985 Volume 28 Issue 239 Pages
911-918
Published: 1985
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This paper deals with the vibration of a simple beam under the action of a moving load, the two masses of which are connected with a linear spring. It can be shown that the vibration of this system consists of two modes, each of which has a time-dependent natural frequency analytically. Using the above analytical result, the lateral vibration of the beam and the vertical oscillation of the sprung mass are shown for some different ratios between the natural frequencies of the moving load and the beam. Furthermore the predicted dynamic behaviors of the beam and the moving load are confirmed experimentally.
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Hiromu HASHIMOTO, Sanae WADA, Shinji YAMAMOTO
1985 Volume 28 Issue 239 Pages
919-923
Published: 1985
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In this paper, an influence of fluid inertia forces on the dynamic characteristics of tilting-pad journal bearings in turbulent flow is investigated theoretically. Applying the generalized turbulent lubrication equation with inertia effects to the centrally pivoted 2-pads journal bearings, the dynamic oil film forces are obtained. And linearizing the forces around the static equilibrium position under the assumption of a small displacement of journal center, the static and dynamic characteristics such as the Sommerfeld number, the dynamic oil film coefficients and the pad critical mass are calculated for three slenderness ratios, λ= 0.6, 1.0 and 2.0. It is found that the fluid inertia forces affect significantly the dynamic oil film coefficients but insignificantly the Sommerfeld number and the pad critical mass.
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Atsuo SUEOKA, Hideyuki TAMURA, Takashi AYABE, Takahiro KONDOU
1985 Volume 28 Issue 239 Pages
924-930
Published: 1985
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This paper suggests a rational method of structural analysis which executes the connection process in series through a recurrent form, using a cantilever with a lumped mass and lumped moments of inertia at the tip as a fundamental element, and applies the boundary conditions at the left hand end of a system at the beginning of computation. When applied to calculating the critical speeds of axially symmetric rotating machines, the present method demands much less CPU time than the transfer matrix method and so it is found very suitable for structural analysis using a personal computer.
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Kohshi NISHIDA, Akira MARUYAMA
1985 Volume 28 Issue 239 Pages
931-936
Published: 1985
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The diffraction sound field generated by a circular aperture in the surface of a rectangular enclosure containing a sound source inside is theoretically and experimentally investigated to examine the applicability of Pierce's approximate solution of sound diffraction by a three-sided semi-infinite wall to finite three dimensional bodies ; and to obtain the properties of diffraction sound field around the enclosure through a sound visualization method. The distribution of sound pressures around the enclosure is numerically evaluated by applying Pierce's approximate solution, and compared with experimental results obtained using a sound visualization device consisting of an electronic switch circuit system composed of three color-light-emitting diodes, installed on a microphone, functioning to the magnitude of sound pressure level ; a microphone scanning device ; and a photographing set. The computed results agree fairly well with experimental ones.
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Kazuto SETO, Yoshihiro TAKITA, Noboru TOMINARI
1985 Volume 28 Issue 239 Pages
937-942
Published: 1985
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The attainment of fine dynamic performance in robot manipulator systems is difficult using conventional control methods because of both the inherent geometric nonlinearities of these systems and the dependence of the system dynamics on the characteristics of manipulated objects. This paper proposes a software servo control system with a simple adaptive control law for maintaining uniformly good performance over a wide range of motion and payloads. The control system makes it possible to adapt quickly to the variation of manipulator dynamics by changing both position and velocity gains. The effectiveness of the control system is demonstrated in several simulations. The experimental results show further close agreement with the theoretical results, illustrating some of the advantages of the control system.
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Fumio OBATA, Komei FUJITA, Kohei MATSUO
1985 Volume 28 Issue 239 Pages
943-950
Published: 1985
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In this paper, the effects of surface roughness on the seizure limits of EP oils were examined by two-cylinder tests. In the lower range of specific slidings where the seizure tends to take place in boundary lubrication, the seizure limits are little affected by the surface roughness and are high. On the other hand, in the higher range of specific slidings, most seizures take place in mixed or full EHD lubrication and they are low. The load carrying capacities of EP oils with less chemical reactivities markedly decrease as the surface roughness is increased. Therefore, it is necessary to make clear the mechanism of the seizure occurrence in mixed or full EHD lubrication considering the interference among projections, specific sliding, and bulk temperature.
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Eiji HASEGAWA
1985 Volume 28 Issue 239 Pages
951-958
Published: 1985
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The problem of a squeeze film between a curved circular plate and a plane wall is studied theoretically. The shape of the curved circular plate is assumed to be axisymmetric, that is, to be expressed by a function of only the radius coordinate. The circular plate is brought up to the wall under the action of a constant external force. The gap between the circular plate and the wall is assumed to be small compared with the radius of the circular plate. A perturbation solution is found in powers of ratio of the gap to the radius. This gap equation governing the gap is derived for a curved disk with any shape. This gap equation is solved numerically for the case of the curved disk with a parabolic shape. The properties of the squeeze film are clarified through the force-gap relation, the critical external force, the inertia effect and the pressure distribution.
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Osamu SATO, Hiroshi SHIMOJIMA, Yoshiyuki KITAMURA, Hiroshi YOINARA
1985 Volume 28 Issue 239 Pages
959-963
Published: 1985
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Equations of motion for a manipulator with two-degrees of freedom are derived in consideration of torsion of axes, gear tooth stiffness, backlash and characteristics of driving source. And, dynamic characteristics of the manipulator for a minimum-time-control are analyzed theoretically and investigated experimentally.
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Satoshi ODA, Takao KOIDE, Junichi ANDO
1985 Volume 28 Issue 239 Pages
964-970
Published: 1985
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In the present paper, the characteristics of surface durability of an S45C normalized steel roller under two-step loading conditions are discussed on the basis of Miner's rule. The cumulative cyclic ratio varies considerably depending on the loading systems due to the strengthening or strength-reducing effect of prior stress, therefore it is unreasonable to apply Miner's rule directly to the estimation of the surface durability of a normalized steel roller under varying load. The effect of load variation on the surface durability is much larger than that on the bending fatigue strength.
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Shigeyuki SHIMACHI, Takao SAKAI, Takashi EMURA
1985 Volume 28 Issue 239 Pages
971-978
Published: 1985
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When a bevel gear is designed to have such a tooth trace along which the equivalent spur gear does not change its form, the bevel gear may be cut almost correctly by single traverse end milling. By this cutting method, plastic gears with a diameter of about 200mm were cut trially by a numerically controlled machine tool which was made in the authors' laboratory in order to give complicated a relative motion to the cutter and the work. The conjugation of the gear teeth cut by this method was verified theoretically in the case of two variations of the method. In some cases, the deviation from the perfect conjugation is small enough. But in most cases, the edge contact of gear teeth is sure to become large enough not to be allowed especially when the gear size becomes large. The edge contact was shown to be able to diminish by means of profile modification of cutter.
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Yoshio TERAUCHI, Mitsunobu SHIRAISHI, Takao MATSUYAMA
1985 Volume 28 Issue 239 Pages
979-986
Published: 1985
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To clarify the deformation mechanism in rolling finish of the gears, the number of the contact points and the tooth profile are theoretically calculated by taking the difference between the contact point at which the deflection of the tooth is considered and the geometrical contact point, and the calculated results are compared with the experimental results. In this calculation, the degree of the interference at the tip and root of the gears and the contact length in the direction along the tooth depth are considered. This method of the analysis is applicable to estimate the condition of the tooth contact and the tooth profile after rolling finish.
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In Sung CHUNG, Masaomi TSUTSUMI, Yoshimi ITO
1985 Volume 28 Issue 239 Pages
987-993
Published: 1985
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This paper describes the dynamic characteristics of a lathe using a concrete bed. The concrete has attracted special interest as a structural material for its low cost of production and good damping properties. In this paper, the effects of the concrete bed on the vibration and noise levels of the structure and the dynamic stiffness of a work-spindle system are mainly investigated. From the results, it is pointed out that the bed made of ferrite resin concrete, which is a new high damping material and consists of ferrite powder and polyester resin, has low noise and vibration levels as compared with the welded steel bed. However, the damping in the fundamental resonant frequency of the work-spindle system is not affected by the structural material.
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Tomio WATANABE
1985 Volume 28 Issue 239 Pages
994-999
Published: 1985
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In this paper, the applications of movement-voice synchronization in communication among people to man-machine interface are studied for smoothly exchanging information in man-machine communication. Based on the analytical results of movement-voice synchronization in the previous paper, a model for the application to man-machine interface is proposed. The model depends upon the control theory, and its fundamental mechanism is discussed. Furthermore, as an example of practical applications, the model is applied to man-machine interface, and a newly VR (Voice Reaction) system is developed in order to transmit information smoothly in man-machine communication, and its effectiveness is demonstrated through both sensory evaluation and evaluation of physiological information (electrocardiogram, electro-oculography).
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Atsunobu MORI, Haruo MORI
1985 Volume 28 Issue 239 Pages
1000-1003
Published: 1985
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The threshold speed of whirl instability induced in an externally pressurized, gas lubricated floating bush journal bearing is analyzed theoretically with regard to the effect of rotation of the bush. The authors' previous reports presented at the 4th and 5th Gas Bearing Symposium, the Univ. of Southampton, U. K., are revised and supplemented in relation to that effect. The following facts are found anew ; (1) Rotation of the bush in the same direction as the journal produces a reduction in the whirl threshold speed. (2) Rotation of the bush at a low speed in the reverse direction produces an increase in the threshold speed, but its rotation at an excessive speed in this direction produces a drastic reduction in that because of the occurrence of a backward precession.
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