It is necessary to examine comfortable vibrations and swinging motions in order to use in the development of a human-machine interface. The author focuses on the amplitude fluctuations of swing motions produced by humans for being comfort oneself. The swing motions occurring when walking comfortably, hopping on a pogo stick, bouncing on an exercise ball, and swinging on a swing were measured using a portable acceleration measurement system to examine the period fluctuations. In this study, the amplitude fluctuations of the acceleration waves are obtained using the same data, and the power spectra are examined. As a result, the power spectra shows a downward slope within a low-frequency range; that is, they are similar to the property of 1/f. This tendency remains to the higher frequency compared with the period fluctuation. Further it is clarified that the holistic approximated lines of these power spectra have about the same magnitude except of the hopping case.

It is well known that the diffraction and the interference are characteristic properties of waves as commonly observed in various physical phenomena. Additionally, the recent optical engineering has made advances in the application of acousto-optical effect, which is characterized by the diffraction and the deflection of light waves through the interaction with acoustic waves. Being inspired by the effect, the present investigation deals with an acoustic-acoustic wave interaction where the diffraction and deflection of a sound wave occur when it passes transversely across the strong acoustic standing wave, namely the ‘virtual slit’, generated by coaxially placed loudspeakers. First, an approximate numerical model is developed based on phased line array source theory which simulates the interaction of outgoing sound wave through apertures into free space. Based on the numerical prediction, the wave deflection by both the physically existing slit and the virtual slits is then explored experimentally by measuring sound field over the slits. Both numerical and experimental investigations show that the incoming sound waves into the tilted slits can be deflected in the direction approximately as intended. Leaving some issues to be solved for the practical use, the suggested wave deflection control method can be used as one of the noise abatement technologies.

Development of sound and vibration analysis method for comprehensive mechanical structure has been highly demanded in recent years. However, it is difficult because characteristics of each part influences each other interactively, and it complicates the vibration power flow. To solve the problem, authors have been developing expansion of Statistical energy analysis (SEA) for solid structure, although conventional SEA have been developed for shell structures. In this research, expansion of coupling loss factors, one of SEA parameter, for solid structure is proposed and its validity is shown through numerical simulation using two FEM models; coupling of two thin plates, and coupling of two thick solids. By comparing vibration energy propagation between FEM, original SEA (for shell), and expanded SEA (for solid), feasibility of proposed model is shown for predicting vibration energy between solid bodies especially in high frequency bands, while original SEA is more sufficient for thin plates.

In order to accurately predict the vibration characteristics of structure-borne sound transmission in buildings, wave-based numerical methods are effective from the viewpoint of the modeling accuracy of the physical mechanism and the detailed geometries of the simulated field. However, because of the performance of current PCs, the prediction of real-scale problems remains difficult. In order to address such problems, we herein propose a vibration simulation method for a beam-plate structure using a dimension-reduced modeling method. The target structure is modeled as a composite structure consisting of two-dimensional plate elements and one-dimensional beam elements, which are coupled based on the implicit finite-difference approximation scheme. By applying such a low-dimensional element, a faster simulation that requires less memory, as compared with a three-dimensional discretization scheme, is made available. Good agreement between the measured and simulated results for the vibration characteristics of several models indicates the validity of the proposed method.

Reduction in aerodynamic noise emitted from a pantograph, especially pantograph head and its support, is an important subject for environmental preservation and speed-up of Shinkansen trains. In the present study, a suitable position arrangement of the pantograph head with smooth profile and through-holes for reducing wake turbulence and aerodynamic noise was investigated. As a result, it is clarified that the suitable position leads to reduce the wake turbulence and the aerodynamic noise drastically.

Reduction in aerodynamic noise emitted from a pantograph, especially pantograph head, is an important subject for environmental preservation and speed-up of Shinkansen trains. In the present study, synthetic jet actuators are applied to a pantograph head model with two types of vent locations, the one is the bottom ejection case, and the other is the front ejection case. Wind tunnel test and CFD analysis are carried out to investigate how the location of synthetic jet vent affects aerodynamic noise reduction effect and flow control mechanism. As a result, it is confirmed that the front ejection case can reduce aerodynamic peak noise more effectively than the bottom ejection case. Furthermore, the difference of flow control mechanism among these two vent location cases is clarified.

Aerodynamic noise radiated from flat plate cascades are known to generate a strong sound pressure by the coupling of the flow field and the sound field. Although a cascade plates noise is dependent on the ratio of the plate thickness b and the flat plate spacing s, unfortunately, the ratio of the front grille of the conventional vehicles are close to those in is a condition that resonance is increased. From the constraints on the design of conventional vehicles, the ratio, s/b cannot be significantly changed; therefore, we attempted to develop a method of inhibiting the resonance sound without changing s/b. When the distance between the plates of cascade become narrow, interfere with each plate wake occur and the width of each wake may become a flow called different biased flow. Vortex shedding frequency of the biased flow has different properties for each plate, and we tried to use these phenomena to suppress the resonance noise of the cascades. We introduced a cascade of changing the thickness of the blade alternately to generate biased flow. The wind tunnel result and numerical results showed that this method can be reduced resonance noise of flat plates cascade.

Flow and acoustic fields for cavity flows were directly simulated for various intensities of freestream turbulence to clarify what effects freestream turbulence had on cavity tones. The depth-to-length ratio of the cavity, D/L, was 0.5 and 2.5. The incoming boundary layer was laminar. Acoustic resonance in the direction of the cavity depth occurred in the flow over the cavity with D/L = 2.5. The results for the intensity of freestream turbulence 2.3% revealed that the reduced level of cavity tone in a cavity flow with acoustic resonance was greater than that in a flow without acoustic resonance. The contributions of the intensity and spanwise coherence of the sound source to reducing the cavity tone were investigated. The effects of spanwise coherence of the sound source ware dominant in the cavity flow with acoustic resonance. However, these factors were almost the same as those without acoustic resonance.

The aim of this investigation is to clarify the effectiveness of aerodynamic noise control with the dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma actuator (PA) over the cavity. The sound and velocity fields of flow around cavity were measured with a low noise wind tunnel. The depth-to-length ratio of the cavity was D/L = 0.5 and 2.5. The flow around the cavity often makes acoustic radiation with resonance at specific freestream velocity. To control tonal noise, PAs were utilized. The PAs were mounted on the upstream surface of the cavity parallel to the freestream to induce streaks. The experiments were performed for 5 spanwise pitch of PAs, p/L = 0.5, 0.6, 0.75, 1.0, 1.25. As a result, the most intense reduction level of 33.4 dB was achieved for the smallest pitch of p/L = 0.5. The measurements of the velocity field turned out that three-dimensionality of the flow were induced by the actuation of the PAs.

In the present paper the attention is focused on the relationship between velocity fluctuation in the near-wake of rotor blade and aerodynamic noise at the design operating condition of axial flow fan. We measured the relative velocity, turbulence intensity, spectrum of velocity fluctuation and time variation of velocity fluctuation near the trailing edge. The weak periodic Karman vortex was formed in the near-wake of the trailing edge of rotor blade. The prediction formula of SPL depended on the spanwise correlation length and turbulent intensity of weak vortex shedding. We discussed these parameters to predict SPL of aerodynamic noise generated from axial flow fan.

It is investigated the noise characteristics generated from the impeller by experiments and numerical simulation. The acoustic transparent wall is used to find out the noise source in the experiments. The flow characteristics are simulated for the steady flow condition. The noise under 1000Hz is mainly generated from the impeller. The sound level that is estimated by using the Fukano’s equation is well coicided to the experimental results.

In order to solve aerodynamic sound radiated from the rotating bodies, including the acoustic interference of a moving object, we attempted to develop the time domain method for acoustic simulation based on a linearized Euler equation. Since pressure fluctuations of the sound wave are smaller than hydrodynamic pressure fluctuations, higher order simulation is required. In our estimation, the conventional wave simulations which have usually the second order accuracy are not enough to obtain sufficient accuracy. In addition, it is difficult to simulate the interfare flow field and acoustic fields. To break this problems, We utilized a Linearized Euler Equation method with compact scheme of 6th order accuracy of space domain and 3rd order accuracy of time domain to solve aerodynamic sound. We also developed an immersed boundary method to simulate complex-geometry and moving objects. The numerical results showed that the higher order LEE with immersed boundary method is suitable method to simulate acoustic field of rotating objects.

Controlling vortex flow fluctuation is one of basic technologies for improving the sound quality of aerodynamic noise. The timing of vortex shedding might be effective on the sound quality of self-excited aerodynamic tone. Some detail considerations with respect to an air flow around a semi-annular cavity were examined to make clear the timing of vortex shedding by only experimental datum with such air flow. The acoustic resonance in the cavity would be affect dominantly on the vortex shedding but the resonance mode would not directly decide the flow pattern in the cavity. The gradient of acoustic pressure fluctuation which induce some negative pressure region behind the vortex might be the dominant factor on the timing of vortex shedding from the upstream side edge of the cavity.

In order to satisfy the requirement of quiet environment in a car of light weight, the active noise control techniques have been utilized for reducing the engine booming noise and the road noise. The sound field inside a car is considered to be change according to the conditions that doors and windows are open or close and how many passengers are sitting, especially in rather high frequency range. Therefore some multichannel adaptive system is needed to reduce the noise sufficiently. However that system is too complicated and costly to use for real cars, and some fixed system is recommended. In this case, it is an important issue how the sound field is affected by the above conditions. The purpose of this paper is to make sure the influence of number of passengers to ANC performance inside a car. As the results, it was found that the sound field inside a car was not severely affected by the passenger’s number below around 200Hz in a small car.

Noise problem can not be ignored for our comfortable everyday life. However Active Noise Control (ANC) can cancel target noise by interference of control sound, the sound reduction area is limited to a narrow range of the vicinity of the control point. When performing ANC, the error microphone must be placed near to the ear. In order to solve these problems, we propose a combination control of a virtual microphone method and multi-channel ANC. In this study, the controller aims to minimize the total acoustic power of the control area. Through the simulation assuming in the anechoic chamber and the experiment, the conventional method and the proposed method was confirmed that almost the same control effect can be obtained. For reducing the calculational cost, pre-identified constant filter is used in the experiment instead of an adaptive filter.

We herein propose a new model-based control method, in place of traditional adaptive control, for low-frequency noise problem in a closed space. The proposed control method in based on state feedback control and a model of the acoustic space obtained by the concentrated mass model. According to the concentrated mass model, the acoustic space is modeled as masses, connecting linear springs, connecting dampers, and base support dampers. Furthermore, a loudspeaker, as a control source, is also modeled by a mass, a spring, and a damper. In the present paper, we constructed a coupled analysis model of a two-dimensional acoustic space and the loudspeaker. We designed the model-based system for the standing sound wave in the low-frequency band. Modal reduction using modal analysis is conducted to reduce the computation time of the controller. Then, we conducted experiments and a numerical simulation of the two-dimensional acoustic space to confirm the validity of the analysis model. Moreover, we perform an experiment to control the noise.

Application of active noise control (ANC) was discussed as method to prevent the occurrence of an inner acoustic mode inside the semi-closed cover placed in the diffuse acoustic field. The effect was validated by the experimental measurement using a reverberant room. The results show that the acoustic mode formed by semi-closed cavity has locally-coherency at its occurrence frequency and the inside cover acoustic mode can be controlled by applying ANC. It has been confirmed that noise reduction of ANC for the peak level caused by the acoustic mode is approximately 5dB.

Perforated plates are effective for sound absorption and often used for noise control. In the present study, we measured the acoustic impedances of perforated plates with backing cavities of different depths when the incident sound pressure level was around 100-150 dB. The measured acoustic impedances were compared with the values predicted by an equation proposed by Guess. As the Mach number of the particle velocity through the orifice in the equation, we adopted the root mean square value of the particle velocity calculated from the measured sound pressure on the plate’s surface and the measured acoustic impedance. When the backing cavity is deep, the predicted acoustic impedance agrees with the measured value. However, apparent difference appears when the backing cavity is shallow. Some modifications on the equation are proposed.

The present paper focuses on the effect of air jets on acoustic absorption characteristics of perforated plate with cavity. We discussed the influences of flow rate, background back space, plate thickness, opening ratio of small holes, and hole diameter of perforated plate on acoustic absorption characteristics theoretically. As the flow rate increased through small holes, the peak level of acoustic absorption coefficient and that of high frequency band increased. As the background back space of perforated plate decreased, the peak frequency of acoustic absorption coefficient increased. As the thickness of perforated plate decreased, the peak frequency increased. The theoretical results showed the same tendencies as the experimental results.

Micro-perforated panel (MPP) absorber achieves good sound absorbing performance by reducing the scale of perforation to submillimeter. We have introduced a resin 3D printer in order to manufacture the absorber with small scale perforation. Since resin MPP absorber has less rigidity than metal one it has extra absorption peaks due to the panel elastic vibration. By referring to the past worthwhile researches, we introduce a theoretical acoustic impedance model that accounts vibration of circular plate then we evaluate this model by comparing the experimental results. We also evaluate the sound absorbing performance by changing the geometries of perforation.

This paper describes a method of controlling the noise emitted from the opening of an enclosure by appropriately arranging absorbing materials. There are two steps in the method. First, the sound pressure and acoustic particle velocity in the enclosure are calculated by FDTD numerical simulation. Next, we examine the arrangement of the acoustic absorbing materials to decrease the acoustic power of the emitted sound from the opening based on the numerical results. Numerical results show that it is possible to effectively suppress noise by arrangement of the acoustic absorbing material at the position of the particle velocity with largest amplitude. Experimental results also show the same tendency. It is necessary to design absorber locations when the acoustic absorbing materials with smaller volume in the enclosure are used.

In this study, we considered effective countermeasures for reduction of the response point vibration utilizing analytical result of operational transfer path analysis (OTPA) through several vibration tests. OTPA informs us each contribution of the reference point to the response point quantitatively. Conducting intensive countermeasure to the obtained high contributing part is appropriate way for the reduction of the response point vibration in general. However, when the highest contribution of a reference point is much larger than the response point vibration itself, the countermeasure to the highest reference point did not reduce the response point vibration significantly in the vibration test. On the other hand, the countermeasure to the response point could reduce the vibration well in this situation. From these analytical and experimental results, the suitable countermeasure method was proposed according to the highest contribution level.

To take countermeasures effectively against the interior noise of the railway vehicle, it is important to comprehend the transfer paths. The purpose of this study is to apply the Transfer Path Analysis (TPA) to the structure borne sound from the bogies of the railway vehicles and to clarify the contribution ratio according to the transfer paths. In this paper, we describe the contribution ratios by applying the TPA to the vibration transfer paths from the bogie to the floor in the actual Shinkansen running tests.

The electromagnetic-force-powered impulsive sound source using large volumes of capacitors was developed. This source is composed of capacitors (44000μF), a coil and an aluminum vibration board (0.5 m x 0.5 m). Large magnetic power between the coil and the aluminum board is generated by discharging an electrical current from capacitors in a moment. This power moves the aluminum board in moment, and then, an impulsive sound is generated. This source could generate impulsive sounds with sound pressure over 60 Pa (= 130 dB) at a distance of 1 m from the source. The time width of generated sound was about 3 ms and the frequency range was from 5 to 500 Hz. This paper reports the overview of this device.

In this study, we investigated an influence of the frequency of low sound pressure level on the annoyance to road traffic noise when a natural sound was inserted in various level. Road traffic noise were recorded and edited to have the same equivalent continuous A-weighted sound pressure level (L_Aeq) but having different frequency of the low SPL. In addition, a natural sound such as bird twittering noise was added when the S/N ratio to the road noise was -25, -10 or 0 dB, respectively. Subjective annoyance evaluation tests were conducted and the result showed the road noise having more frequency of the low SPL was evaluated as softer even though both sounds had the same L_Aeq when the S/N ratio was large at -25 dB. However, the influence was not observed when the S/N ratio was smaller at -10 or 0 dB. From these results, the influence of low SPL frequency on the annoyance was found to vary depending on the inserted natural sound level.

In this paper, we propose a method to provide speech privacy by deforming the frequency characteristics of the voice. An active noise control is used in this method. Major factor determining the phonological in speech recognition is relative relationship of the feature quantity of speech called formant frequency. Breaking this relationship by control in the frequency domain, performs speech masking making it difficult to recognize phonemes. With to verify the control effect by the simulation, to examine the effectiveness of the proposed method by evaluation using quantitative indicators.

For the purpose of physical evaluations of noise emission, the existing noise test codes for Information Technology Equipment, such as ISO 7779, ECMA-74 etc. state the two parallel parameters for prominent discrete tone detection, i.e., TNR (tone-to-noise ratio) and PR (prominence ratio). At present, these existing parameters are being used to evaluate each single discrete tone of question. However, real product noise emissions in the field are more complex and mixture of many harmonic, sub-harmonic, and other frequency components etc. Therefore, it may not be practical to evaluate tonal prominence by a single discrete tone only. To improve such situations, now, Ecma TC26 TG1 (Noise and vibration measurement of small air-moving device) investigates future possibility to apply new parameter T-TNR (total tone-to-noise ratio) and T-PR (total prominence ratio). This paper reports its progress and key issues to be addressed for future development of tonal prominence evaluation.

Experimental statistical energy analysis is applied to analyze the vibration energy flow shamisen body. The analysis clarified it the power flow through the subsystems and the power input into each subsystem during the impact excitation at the bridge and strings. 1）vibrational energy easy to propagation high rigidity subsystem to high rigidity subsystem. And conformance with analysis consideration. 2) Correlation was found in input powers and the reverberation times. The reverberation time becomes longer at the frequencies with the large input powers. 3) Correlation was also found in power flows and the reverberation times. It is shown that the exchanges of the energy between skin subsystems bring the larger reverberation.

Aerodynamic bogie noise generated from Shinkansen train is main source above 300 km/h and its reduction is one of the important issues to conserve the environment along the railway lines. In order to reduce the bogie noise efficiently, it is essential to evaluate the contribution of the bogie components to the aerodynamic bogie noise. The purpose of this paper is to estimate their contributions at the measurement point close to the track. The wind tunnel test was carried out to measure the two dimensional sound pressure level distributions around the bogie using two dimensional microphone array. The noise contribution of each component was investigated by removing the component in the bogie model. Furthermore, two measures to reduce the aerodynamic noise, i.e., deflector and bogie under cover are examined.

It is known that bogie cavities of Shinkansen trains are major aeroacoustic sound sources of low-frequency noise, which is difficult to insulate with noise barrier. In this paper, an experimental facility that can launch a train model at high velocities is used to investigate the low-frequency noise sources. 1/33.1 scale train model with 6 bogies (4-car train model) are used .The comparative study of flat, bogie cavities and bogies with side covers shows that bogie cavities generate low-frequency aeroacoustic sound, and full-height side covers reduce that sound effectively, compared with half-height side covers .

Past studies and researches indicate that major aerodynamic sources of Shinkansen noise in the range of 100 to 20k Hz are mainly pantographs, bogies and gaps between cars. However, for the low-frequency aerodynamic sound less than 100Hz the mechanism has been still unknown. This is because it is difficult to identify sound sources and simulate the phenomenon in any experiment. This paper presents how the aerodynamic sound is measured with a train model launching facility at Railway Technical Research Institute. Through the scale model experiment using 1/70 train model, it is shown that the cavities in which a bogie is put generate the aerodynamic sound in the range of 10 to 60 Hz and peaks around 30 Hz. Then, these results are compared with the measurement in the field test and it is found that the aerodynamic noise source is located around the bogie cavities.

This paper introduces a prediction scheme to estimate the railway noise at cuttings. First, noise distribution is investigated through both a field test with running Shinkansen vehicles and a scale-model experiment. From these tests, it is found that the noise from Shinkansen vehicles propagate obliquely upward. The noise from far-side vehicle is greater than from near-side vehicle. In all case, the propagation direction does not depend on the vehicle velocity and position. Next, on the basis of the acoustic behaviors obtained in these tests, the prediction model which consists of five sound sources has been developed. The results of prediction model were compared with the measurement obtained by the field test and scale-model experiment, and it is found that the overall trends are well-predicted. However, further studies are required, since level differences between the prediction and measurement obtained in scale-model experiment are up to 4dB.

In order to predict the wayside noise at the places around the overpasses on the Shinkansen line, a prediction model including the effect due to the sound reflection on the under surface of the overpasses was proposed. In this paper, acoustic characteristics of the wayside noise at the places around the overpasses were investigated by the prediction model. The prediction calculations were performed by changing the conditions of the geometrics of the overpass and the Shinkansen line. It was found out through the calculations that the reflection of the noises generated from the lower part of cars by the under surface of the overpass had great influence on wayside noise at the places close to the intersection of the overpass and Shinkansen line.

Rail grinding has been widely carried out both to remove rail deterioration-rail shelling and to reduce rolling noise. In order to investigate the relationship between rail roughness and wayside noise, the measurements of rail roughness and wayside noise have been carried out for 27 months. In this paper, the time-series changes of the rail roughness is first investigated, and, then, the associated wayside noise with the changes is discussed.

Local wear, the length of which in the circumferential direction is relatively long, occurs occasionally on a railway wheel tread. Wheels with the local wear induce increase of bridge noise when they run at high speeds. Through the measurements of wheel roughness, the depth and the width of the wear are found to be up to 0.5 mm and about 300 mm mostly, respectively. The roughness spectra of the wheels show that roughness level below 20 m^-1 in spatial frequency is increased due to local wear. The measured results in the field test indicate that bridge noise and associated vibration increase where the index values estimated from roughness spectra is greater than about 20 dB (corresponding to the wear depth of about 0.1 mm). It is found that the bridge noise and associated vibration level is increased by local wear in the frequency range of 80 Hz to 800 Hz at the train speed of 313 km/h.

This paper describes the effect of excess attenuation of conventional railway noise due to detached houses. The excess attenuation due to detached houses were estimated by using both ASJ RTN-Model 2013, which is generally used for road traffic noise, and the noise prediction model of conventional railway. It is found that the overall trends are well-predicted in both the case of the level section and the viaduct section. In the case of the level section, slightly worse agreement is found at some points. This is due to the influence on acoustic reflection on the house behind the predicted point and the screening effect of houses. In the case of the viaduct section, agreement is poorer. This is because the effect of sound propagated over houses is not included in the ASJ model.

We developed the solid biomass fuel (hereinafter refer to as Bio-coke: BIC) and studies to use as a replacement for coal coke advance. Above all, a proof examination of the gasification melting furnace is pushed forward, and the elucidation of the combustion behavior of BIC in the gasification melting furnace is important. In this study, we produced BIC in different heating temperature from green tea and torrefaction process. And we execute specific surface area and the combustion experiment using torrefied BIC (hereinafter refer to as Bio-coke: T-BIC). Results are found in the following. (1) As the torrefaction processing time is long, the specific surface area grows. But, T-BICs of producing temperature 423K and 443K have maximum specific surface area. (2) As the torrefaction processing time is long, the combustion time is long. (3) As the specific surface area is large, the combustion rate of flaming combustion periods is small. The combustion rate of char combustion periods is constant regardless of the specific surface area.

In 2015, Paris, France hosted the twenty-first session of the Conference of the Parties (COP21). At the conference, it is aimed at reducing the emission of greenhouse gases by the absorption amount of ecosystem into the atmosphere until the end of this century. For this aim, the Ministry of Economy and the Cabinet Office in Japan determined the energy innovation strategy and the energy/environment innovation strategy. These strategies press forward with the utilization of renewable energy. Thus, we studied about the formation characteristics of Bio-coke in order to improve the rate of substitution for coal coke in cupola furnace. We considered relationships between processing temperature or loading pressure and specific surface area measured with specific surface area measuring device. Consequently, it is indicated that Bio-coke may have little void space and homogeneous internal structure if it is produced with appropriate molding conditions.

The solid fuel know as RDF (Refuse Derived Fuel) can be used to recover energy from waste while also helping to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Although there is an increasing interest in RDF, several issues hinder greater uptake of this technology. We investigated strategies to address these issues, based on surveys and examples of best practice. We found that the process of separating raw kitchen waste from burnable waste addresses many of the issues with RDF. In particular, we believe that MBT (Mechanical Biological Treatment), which combines methane fermentation with RDF production, can be used to help promote heat recovery from RDF. Further investigation is required into MBT technology, including ① testing of waste separation processes and ② trials of energy generated from separated waste to validate case studies.

Biodiesel fuel (BDF) is expected as a biomass fuel in future which can solves global warming and petroleum resource conservation problem. We proposed the dry process which has no need of washing water and no waste water treatment compared with the conventional wet process. In the unit, gas was supplied by a gas pump through a gas bubbler into crude BDF, then the exist gas contained methanol (MeOH) vapor passed through a condenser and the MeOH was collected in vessel. It was a closed system that MeOH-free gas from the condenser returned in the inlet of the gas pump. A large scale of bubble stripping unit has been developed in this study, and it is effective to remove residual MeOH from crude BDF. We have set the value for the standard of performance evaluation and calculated of power consumpution.

In this paper, the effective woody-biomass utilization system is proposed. In recent year, we are interested in energy security by the Great East Japan Earthquake. In addition, the possibility of renewable energy spread is increasing by the enforcement of FIT (Feed-in tariff). There are abundant wood resources in Japan, but woody biomass is not so popular. Therefore, in this study, we encored the evaluation with a focus on small-scale combined heat and power (CHP) business in which there is a possibility of commercialization. As a result, it was found that CHP business by gasification power generation utilizing the FIT was possible to return on investment in about 10 years. Further, as a result of evaluation by interviews and SWOT analysis of CHP precedents, it was found that only pellets CHP project could achieve.

This paper describes the maximum compressive strength of solid fuel named Biocoke tested in two temperature: room temperature and high temperature (700ºC). The sample of Biocoke were made from two different raw materials; palm leaves and coconut shell collected from Malaysia, which is categorized as biomass waste from agriculture industry. In recent years, coal coke has been decline due to the demand from many countries over the world which is commonly used as a solid fuel and as a reducing agent in smelting iron ore in a blast furnace. So, in order to substitute the usage of coal coke in the future, biocoke was developed. The results shows the comparison by maximum compressive strength of Mixed Biocoke in room temperature and high temperature. The experiment was conducted using compression testing machine (SHIMADZU, AG-300kNX).

This research studies on the effect of initial physical properties including initial moisture content and particle size towards the properties of bio-coke (BIC) and bio-char-coke (BCC). BIC refers to the solid fuel developed by Kinki University (PAT.-No.4088933) where only lignocellulose biomass was used. BCC refers to an improvement of BIC fuel which is the combination of lignocellulose biomass and carbonized biomass using the same production method. The materials used in the study were palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) fiber and coffee char. The aim of the study is to investigate the initial properties that affect the bulk density and compressive strength of palm fiber BIC and to study the compatibility of palm fiber and coffee char for producing high-density and high-strength BCC.

The purpose of this paper is to make high concentration methane from digestive gas by separating carbon dioxide appropriately out of the digestive gas generated in sewage treatment equipment in the real plant. As the new removal technique of the carbon dioxide in digestive gas, we used the small size gas dissolution equipment. It can dissolve gas efficiently into a solvent liquid by being filled with digestive gas in a tank, putting pressure, and passing solvent water in it. Also available with the use of the ejector system, even if the pressure of the feed gas is low. Digestive gas is gas which makes methane and carbon dioxide the main ingredients. The digestive gas used for this experiment ware 30% of carbon dioxide and 70% of methane at pattern of the experimental condition 1 and 40% of carbon dioxide and 60% of methane at pattern of the experimental condition 2. As a result of dissolution / removal experiment, about 90 percent of carbon dioxide was able to reduce the content carbon dioxide in digestive gas. Thereby, methane concentration became to about 90%, and it was able to make high concentration methane from digestive gas.

Various problems arising anticipate the development of a new energy resource. This study was carried out for the purpose of investigating the functional improvement of Biocoke by additionnal Pectin. We found by additional Pectin, the maximum hot compressive strength is increased.

Biomass gasification and carbonization are already in practical use; however, gasification systems are not enough to be economically viable, and carbonization is low energy efficiency process. Therefore coproduction of carbide and fuel is being examined in late years. In order to achieve systematic development of that kind of co-production system, the information about pyrolysis behavior of biomass under various atmosphere gas composition and of various specimen size should be investigated. In this study, we tried to investigate the transient gasification behavior of a biomass under the carbonization temperature 873 K and the coexistence atmosphere of H₂O-CO₂. The experimental results show that the transient gasification behavior of a biomass under carbonization temperature has several similar features as that under gasification temperature qualitatively; however, further information about pyrolysis behavior and the scale effect of the material should be investigated.

Melting technique is one of useful separation treatments at a high temperature of 1300-1400ºC. Using the technique, Cs can be volatilized from different solid samples in the melting furnace. In this study, we conducted a laboratory-scale melting test to investigate the radioactive Cs separation performance for decontamination of incineration ash (bottom ash, fly ash and the mixture) from off-site decontamination activity. As a result, regardless of sample type, radioactive Cs volatilization ratio increased by the addition of CaCl₂. Furthermore, the higher the basicity of molten slag in the presence of Ca(OH)₂ was, the higher the volatilization ratio became. The addition of CaCl₂ and Ca(OH)₂ resulted in Cs volatilization ratio of more than 99%. Therefore, we found that this melting technique can be effective even for decontamination of incineration ash from the off-site cleaning.

This report shows the development of a management method of Teshima waste disposal project using GPSbased 3D modeling method. Teshima waste disposal project has been conducted since 2003 as a solution of the illegal industrial waste dumping occurred in Teshima-island, Kagawa Prefecture. To prevent illegal dumping and to accumulate data of this project, we took a survey of the disposal area 4 times a year and made the 3D model of the area. By comparing the 3D model change in time course, we can show stakeholders how the project has advanced. And by surveying the area changed between the two 3D models, we can calculate the volume of disposed garbage. So, we call this system a “Co-creation system”. Therefore, we compared the cost and accuracy of GPS surveying, Light wave surveying, and Laser surveying. With this system we promoted information sharing between stakeholders.