The hydrodynamic bearing can reduce the power consumption and the size of rotary blood pumps. Tilt-controllable motors have been developed to work in conjunction with hydrodynamic bearing to permit stable levitation and rotation. Tilt-control motor (TCM) can rotate a rotor and control its tilt angles with an actuator. Hybrid Magnetic Bearing (HMB) is for the exclusive use of tilt angle control. The height and the diameter of TCM are 20 mm and 36 mm, respectively. The height and the diameter of HMB are 4.5 mm and 36 mm, respectively. The results of electromagnetic field analysis show that TCM has sufficient performance. Developed TCM can generate a motoring torque of 26 mNm at 2600 rpm above target torque. The results of analysis show that HMB can generate tilt-control torque. Developed HMB can produce tilt-control torque of 47.6 mNm which is approximately equivalent to analytical value.

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We propose new treatment method for mild heart failure patients with thin and economical artificial heart. We have developed a micro maglev artificial heart which is sufficiently-thin to implant under the thorax muscle layer. The micro maglev artificial heart consists of a levitated impeller of regenerative pump and the radial type magnetically suspended motor. We designed the regenerative blood pump whose impeller's diameter is 48 mm. We did computational fluid dynamics analysis to optimize the thickness of impeller and the number of its vanes. The result of the analysis shows that the best thickness and the number of vanes are 4 mm and 40 vanes. We made a pump test model based on the result of the analysis, and demonstrated enough ability to treat mild artificial heart that the flow rate and pressure head are 2 L/min and 108 mmHg with a rotating speed 1600 rpm.

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It is important to clarify the relationship between the hemolysis and degree of surface roughness under blood shear fields. From our previous study using a rotational shear stressor, we have obtained that the increasing hemolysis was related to the increasing shear stress due to the surface roughness. However we have not yet measured the increasing shear stress amount with the stressor due to a problem of its torque sensor sensitivity. In this study, we used a cone-cylinder type rheometer with a highly sensitive torque sensor, and 3-time higher viscous test blood, assuming the increasing shear stress generation related to the roughness. As a result, higher torque was obtained for the viscous test blood, therefore, we consider that this rheometer can measure the torque value due to the surface roughness, which cause hemolysis under shear fields.

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Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) analysis was conducted for a newly developed mass flow meter especially for axial flow blood pumps. As a result, it was found that the flow patterns are different between low flow and high flow conditions depending on the flow rate. This result explains the difference of calibration coefficients between over and below the flow of 1.0 L/min.

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We have been developing a centrifugal blood pump with hydrodynamic bearings. The purpose of this study is to clarify experimentally the effect of the configuration of a hydrodynamic journal bearing to impeller radial stability and hemolysis for centrifugal blood pumps with hydrodynamic bearings for two weeks circulatory assist in order to establish a hydrodynamic journal bearing design method. We compared two depths of herring-bone groove on the journal bearing as 50 μm and 0 μm (no groove). Impeller trajectory was measured using two laser displacement sensors. Next, an in vitro hemolysis test for 4 hours was conducted with bovine blood added with heparin at a flow rate of 4 L/min and a pressure head of 200 mmHg. The experiments showed that the groove on the journal bearing will be useful for hemolysis reduction resulted by the impeller radial stability in a centrifugal blood pump.

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The purpose of this paper is to propose a rhythm waking assist system by using pneumatic actuators, designed to enable an elderly with decreased walking to rapidly walk daily-life activities without special equipment. The walking velocity of the elderly is improved not by the wide stride but by the rapid pace. This system comprises three modules: a walking rhythm generator, a powered lower extremity orthosis, and a floor reaction force detector. The walking rhythm generator indicates the adequate walking rhythm to the user. The floor reaction force detector judges the state of each leg: swinging or supporting, and the powered lower extremity orthosis lifts the swinging leg. Experimental results confirm the possibility of this system by some ordinary persons.

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This paper proposes a tilting system that prevents pressure ulcers of a wheelchair user. This system comprises a sensor unit for detecting the buttocks pressure and a tilt mechanism for distributing the pressure. The sensor unit has eight thin and flexible tactile sensors, FlexiForce. The sensor unit sounds a buzzer to call attention to the user judging from the pressure value and the period, and that urges him/her to tilt the wheelchair. The tilting system ensures the safety against falling down because the user reclines without the wheelchair tilting. The user can reduce the buttocks pressure by himself. This system can be installed on a conventional wheelchair. Experimental results confirm the effectiveness of this system.

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In this paper, we propose a pair of step-climbing units that can be installed to a conventional manual wheelchair. The user is such a person who has no disabled upper limbs and is able to raise casters attached in front of the wheelchair by himself. The merits of this assisted unit are the simplicity of the mechanism and not spoiling the folding function of the wheelchair. Each step-climbing unit comprises two actuators and has two degrees of freedom: a prismatic joint and a rotational joint. We mainly discuss the motion of climbing step using this system. Experimental results confirm the design's effectiveness.

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This paper presents a monitoring system for detecting accidentally falling down in a nursing home using passive RFID tags. This system is installed in a lavatory, where the falling accidents happen the most frequently. The tag reader is set near a ceiling and the RFID tags are on the ground. The principle of this system is based on a phenomenon that electric waves are attenuated by water. The state of a person: standing or falling is judged from the number of the RFID tags that are not responded. This system is superior to the video camera as to privacy. Experimental results confirm the effectiveness of this system.

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In recent years a number of rescue robots have been developed. They have many DOF to improve their mobilities and can run over stairs and steps. However, their operation are complicated because they are operated by using a conventional game-pad. In this case, it is hard to get sense operational and easy to make an operational mistake. Therefore, in order to control robots with many DOF flexibly, we propose intuitive remote control. In this paper, we introduce "KUROGANE" robot controlled by the intuitive operation. "KUROGANE" consists of general crawlers plus a human-like upper body. We operate it by a wearable remote controller. Thus, "KUROGANE" has achieved crawling swiftly over irregular terrain with high stability. We investigate its performance against outdoor irregular terrain and stairs.

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In recent years, the researchers and the developments of biped robots are conducted actively. The biped robots are suitable for the human environment, because it has the same leg joint mechanism as the human. However, the energy consumption of the leg joint mechanism is higher than that of the wheel mechanism in the movement in the level ground. And, in recent years, the Biped Leg-wheeled Robots that have the leg and the wheel are researched and developed to solve this problem. These robots run with the wheel when they are on the level ground. And, these robots move by the leg when they are on the steps and the stairs. However, the existing Biped Leg-wheel robots are not assuming operation in irregular terrain. Therefore, the achievement of a steady movement in the human environment is insufficient. Then, we develop the Biped Leg-wheeled Robot that can run over irregular terrain.

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Many quadruped running robots have been so far developed, but it is very difficult for a robot to run rapidly. Because, joint of there robots that uses motor is hard. Our quadruped robot 'Tekken-R' uses pneumatic actuators. Pneumatic actuators have high elasticity and variable elastic characteristics. Creatures change their elasticity according to the velocity. Tekken-R can reproduces it. We designed a quadruped robot to use pneumatic actuator, and we experiment walking and running. In this paper, we show the result of movement by a single leg.

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This paper proposes a stairs cleaning robot that is controlled autonomously not only on a floor but also on the stairs. The shape of this robot is like a loop: it comprises eight units that are connected via eight motor modules. This robot has an active cord mechanism, and is able to go down stairs fitting the body to the stairs by loop-gait locomotion. It can travel on the stair transversely because each of the four main units has an omni-directional wheel. The dusts on the stair are swept away downstairs, and another robot collects the dusts. This paper discusses the possibility of the stairs cleaning robot through simulation and experiment.

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A wearable leg support system based on manual control for people with lower limb paralysis has been proposed in this paper. We had developed a wearable leg support system, Manipuleg-2, that the wearer can control leg via a control lever attached at his or her shoulder. We have shown that the wearer can walk using the leg support system by operating the control lever.

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In Recent Japan, the Aging and falling birthrate is advancing. From those influence, the manpower shortage and tax burden increase of the senior citizen welfare from aging people increase become important issue of concern. We need a little effect and simply physical strength measurement, because in a current physical strength measurement, not little effect input is given to the testee. Hence, this study describes physical capability assessment and proposals of the device and the index where physical strength presented by using gait motion for prevention accident of aging people. In this paper, about got data from tracking program with plural points

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Accuracy is one of the important factors in manufacturing. This study aims at improving positioning performance for existing actuator holds time lag and low dynamics. The control method to propose consists of lower order model identification and model referenced predictive anti phase pitch driving control based on the model output. In first process, displacement is extrapolated from calculation the time lag from vibration observation point using online N4SID model corresponded non-linear. Next, equipment is added pulse acceleration with pitch driving to anti phase direction of displacement and control vibration. This method was applied to machine. The result, shows that residual vibration for a short time and vibration displacement is suppressed to 22% at the time of the usual PI control and to 12% at un-controlling, respectively. This study reports the reduction of control elapsed time using switching control in each neighbor of maximal amplitudes.

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For the severely disabled people who are paralyzed in the lower part from the neck, eye-control input device takes an important role as computer input support interface as other tongue, EEG and EMG based input method. The eye input device has an advance in more direct operation feel than EEG.EMG stepping cursor moving input method. On the other hand, eye input device is still costly comparing with the other conventional input device. This study aims at developing a low-cost mouse control interface with an iris detecting camera attached goggle. This study consists of iris tracking performance partand mouse control algorithm part. Here, we adopted the adequate morphological operation and ellipse fitting for steady iris tracking. To achieve robust operation under head motion, this paper proposes the relative displacement mouse driving. In the mouse driving experiment, the optimal gain between iris and mouse step is derived as 2.0 for smooth input operation.

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Recently, many medical electronic devices have been developed that can be implanted deep inside the body. They are designed to transmit the information collected deep inside the body to receiving e antennas outside the body. If the power consumption required for transmitting the information is high, a mass battery is required. Therefore, a novel information transmission method that has reduced power consumption is needed. In the past, the examination that used the electromagnetic analysis has been reported by the author about the best transmission antenna and the optimum transmitting frequency to transmit information from the deep inside the body to outside the body efficiently. In this paper, the experiment was made that used human muscle phantom and it was compared with the new result of electromagnetic analysis. As a result, the insulator-coated transmitting electrode achieves the maximum estimated value. This result is same as the electromagnetic analysis.

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This paper proposes the method of induction heating for the adhesion of biological tissue. In conventional adhesive methods, points that are situated at a depth cannot be heated.To rectify this problem, our method employs a local heating mechanism by using an induction coil and a conductive metal foil. In our experiments, a Ti foil (40×40×0.02 mm^3) was embedded between two slices of ham (thickness: 1.5 mm). When the frequency was 600 kHz and the current was 1.5 A, the temperature rise in the Ti foil between the two slices of ham was 94.1 ℃. This temperature was confirmed to be sufficient to cause the Ti foil to adhere to the biological tissue.

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In this paper, we propose a novel method for wireless information transmission by using the resonance between the human body and an electromagnetic field. First, a small dipole antenna was implanted in the human body to be used for the electromagnetic field analysis. Next, the radiated electric field present at a distance of 2.5 m from the human body was measured by an FDTD analysis. According to the results, the electric field achieved maximum intensity at approximately 65 MHz. On the other hand, the theoretical value of the resonance frequency was approximately 69.14 MHz. We confirmed the occurrence of resonance between the human body and the electromagnetic field.

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Wireless electric power transmission systems do not require a cord and AC adapter to supply electric power. This paper presents at energy transmission system over a long distance for a wireless notebook computer. The transmitting coil is implanted in the floor, and the receiving coil is implanted in the notebook computer; consequently, the battery of the notebook computer can be charged anywhere around the room. The energy transmission efficiency and the biological effects of the electromagnetic field are analyzed using an electromagnetic simulator. The specific absorption rate and the internal electric field are below the basic restrictions of the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection. At the same time, energy of 50 W, which is the necessary maximum energy for a notebook computer, can be safely transmitted.

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This study aims at constructing communication support device to inform the surrounding human position with non phonetic information. The tactile transfer method show the advantages that information can be transferred even in noisy or speech inhibited circumstances. In addition to this feature, wide field human detection capacitates to inform the existence of human being in blind area. This study investigates 1) the limit of information throughput using plural usb camera under USB2.0 regulation, 2)depth detection performance with resizing template haar-like feature face recognition scheme and 3)on optimal tactile transmitting device architecture. The proposed tactile Interface constructed with 3 USB cameras shows real-time wide field human detection and capacitates user to inform human being existence and position in blind area.

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This study aims at rapid BMI pattern recognition for the eye movement that we consider to be removed a factor from EEC We investigated the eye movement ERP is more than 100 times higher than usual potential, the potential has prompt reactivity about 50ms〜150ms and high repeatability. We advanced 3 methods for discrimination about EEG named 1) Mahalanobis' Generalized Distance Discriminator, 2) Linear Transform Neighbor Equidistance Weighted Discriminator, 3) Multi layer Neural Network with BP learning. We examined performance of 3 discriminate methods and showed real-time discriminator from knowledge of this experiment.

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Starting from the case report of photosensitivity epilepsy, PSE when audience were watching on a TV program that broadcast high contrast blue red blinking, a large number of studies about photosensitivity were done in such a way as to analysis of EEG behavior.As a result,high contrast blue red blinking stimulation has the frequency of about 10 Hz that elicit PSE and photo-paroxysmal response,PPR was confirmed. On the other hand, the frequency of the alpha waves that give the effect of relaxation exist in this band too. Therefore,the analysis of EEG were evoked by blinking stimulation of about 10 Hz that is necessary for understanding the influence on audience were exerted blinking stimulation has effect of relaxation. This study analyzed EEG behavior was evoked by blinking stimulation have the frequency was changed from 1 up to 9.5Hz. In the result the increase in EEG activity level in frontal area and two stratification tendency in the power spectrum were observed. This paper is a consideration of that.

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This study aims at quantifying the objective individual gustatory reactive level. We extracted the individual reference EEG sequence pattern evoked by gustatory stimuli. Obvious differences were observed among individual gustatory reaction. We constructed the automatic H2(E) pattern matching discriminator and investigate the discrimination performance and used a neural network to improve this discrimination performance. We measured the EMG of the mouth to investigate its effect on the gustatory stimuli evoked EEG. We analyzed the time sequence frequency of the gustatory stimuli evoked EEG to confirm, could confirm the frequency power fluctuation in gustatory reactive part.

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While convenience society advances, it becomes clear that psychological and physical stress gives bad influence to the human body by the factors such as over stressful competition or rapid change of living environment. This study conducts to develop the relaxation device that gives stress relaxation effect to subject while they are lying or asleep. This study is which characteristics in wave sound defined as SPFTS. It is analysis for somatic and synchronization effects on loading to human by adopt electronic oscillation unit.

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This paper describes the inspection of the stress relaxation effect to the low frequency fluctuation component by the natural sounds of the waves. As background, the life of the modern society cannot receive the healing effects of natural origin, are feeling the stress. Therefore, this study focused on giving us comfort in the sound of gentle waves on the beach. The frequency characteristic of the wave was identified by spectrum analysis.As comparison, the frequency band separates off the low-frequency and the midrange frequency. The subjects examined the impact-induced EEG analysis system giving them a voice signal.The significance of the body-related influence degree was not confirmed in separation sound load according to each band.

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Aluminum alloys have already been put to practical use in a liner material of a high-pressure hydrogen tank for fuel cell vehicles. However, the behavior of hydrogen in aluminum alloys have not been clearly understood yet. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the hydrogen behavior in aluminum alloy materials. Hydrogen microprint technique (HMPT) has been knows as an effective measure to investigate the hydrogen behavior. In the present study, the behavior of hydrogen of Al-8mass%Mg alloy sheets was investigated by means of HMPT when the sheets were deformed at room temperature. Special attention was paid to the hydrogen emitted from grain boundaries, in relation to the surface relief caused by the deformation.

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So far, 6061 aluminum alloy has been being used as a liner material of high-pressure hydrogen containers for fuel cell vehicles, while higher-strength alloy is being demanded to increase the maximum fill pressure with a minimum increase in cost and weight. In this study, aluminum alloy plates of 6061 and 7075 both T6-tempered are subjected to fatigue test in air and heavy-water-vapor atmosphere at 303K with relative humidity of 90% (HWA). The amount of deuterium in front of the crack tip is measured by means of thermal desorption spectroscopy, and the effect of hydrogen on the fatigue crack propagation is discussed based on the results obtained. It was found that crack propagation rate of aluminum alloys was little affected by external environmental hydrogen in HWA. Deuterium was detected in front of the crack tip, which means that hydrogen is introduced into the aluminum alloys from humid environment during the crack propagation.

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Graphites are used as the core structural materials of the high temperature gas-cooled reactors (HTGR) because they have good nuclear properties and high strength at high temperatures. Trace amount of impurities contained in the helium coolant oxidize slowly them during the long operations, their microstructures are degraded by burn-off, and the mechanical properties and the fracture toughness decrease. Therefore it is necessary to study on the effect of burn-off on the material properties and the microstructures. In this study, two kinds of graphites are supplied to oxidation test in air and to fracture toughness test by tension specimen with ring slit. As the results obtained, the fracture toughness of graphites applied tension decreased larger than that without tension. The fracture toughness of IG-110 decreased abruptly below burn-off 1% and that of IG-11 changed little under the condition without tension.

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The SCM435 steels are being used for a high-pressure hydrogen tank for the hydrogen-station of Japan Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Demonstration Project. In general, high-strength steels are prone to cause hydrogen embrittlement. The cause of the embrittlement and behavior of hydrogen in the steel has not been clarified yet. Hydrogen microprint technique(HMPT) is an effective method to investigate the hydrogen behavior. In the present study, the behavior of hydrogen in two SCM435 steels with different strength has been investigated by means of HMPT. As a result, it has been confirmed that cathodic electrolytic charging causes hydrogen invasion and that hydrogen is discharged from the steels during holding after charging.

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Since plasma facing components for fusion reactor devices are exposed to very high heat load and plasma particle attacks, the plasma facing materials are required to have high thermal resistance, high thermal conductivity, thermal shock resistance, radiation damage resistance, etc. The large erosion and the large tritium inventory become important problems though carbon materials have been used as the plasma facing materials. On the other hand, tungsten materials have high strength and high hardness at high temperatures, low erosion and low tritium inventory, etc. Tungsten materials are expected to use as the plasma facing materials with high performances for the next fusion devices. It is feared that the joining strength of tungsten and the cooling structure material decrease by neutron radiation damage and heat radiation. In this study, it aims to clarify the influence of the radiation damage and the heat radiation on the joining strength of tungsten and copper. As the results obtained, the joining specimen joined by non defective bonding (NDB) had very high joining strength. The joining technique of tungsten material by means of NDB will be useful to manufacture the plasma facing components with high performances for the next fusion reactor devices.

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In these years, connecting wires are being more complicated in home electric appliances, and cars are being more electrically equipped. Then, fusing is being applied more frequently as a joining method between electrical parts and wires, where plastic deformation plus bonding and melting plus breakage occur simultaneously in the core metals and surrounding insulating layers in the junction, respectively. For fusing, spot welding machines are used with tungsten or molybdenum electrodes. Since the work is usually highly electrically conductive such as copper and aluminum, resulting in extremely large electric current, degradation of the electrodes is prone to occur, whereas the mechanism has not been elucidated so far. In this study, to elucidate the mechanism, material factors affecting degradation of molybdenum electrode were investigated. Electrode surface after joining test was observed with an SEM therefore center of electrode surface showed Cracks were found in the center of the electrode surface.

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Recently, demands for reliability to connection of embedded semiconductor devices are increasing as electronic devices become high-performance and compact. The wire bonding is frequently used as a method of connecting lead wires with an aluminum electrode. Although gold has mainly been used as the wire materials because it has high electrical conductivity, deformability and can be formed into an extra-thin wire, it raises the cost and also the resources are limited. Therefore the high-function silver which has higher electric conductivity and better mechanical strength has been developed by Three-O Ltd. as an alternative material for gold. In this study, annealing characteristics of cold-rolled sheets of two types of high-function silver have been investigated by means of Vickers hardness test. It was found that abrupt softening occurs at a temperature range from 100 to 150℃ for the pure-silver-type material. Also, the hardness of annealed material of this type was confirmed to be about twice as hard as normal annealed pure silver.

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The work hardening effects due to the press working process improved tensile strength of material. The strength of mild steel sheet, that was the blank material, increased near to the 590MPa grade high tensile strength steel sheet after three stages of press working. The press-working increased the dislocation density using X-ray and Neutron diffraction technique. The dislocation cell size and shape was deeply related to the work-hardening due to the plastic deformation.

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In this study, we examined the damage of coatings on press working die in the slide loading condition. The SKD11 was selected as the base metal of the test piece because of frequent application as die steel. The slide tests could be carried out with making our own testing dies on actual press working condition. On the slide tests, TRD and CVD coating were selected. The slide damage of TRD coatings was smaller than that of CVD coatings. The slide damage of coatings was quantitatively evaluated by the X-ray diffraction technique and surface roughness. The surface damage was the adhesion of zinc moved from the hot dip galvanizing blank sheet.

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We propose a numerical method for the stress analysis of arbitrary-shaped inhomogeneities in an infinite orthotropic matrix. The theory of the method is based on the Eshelby's equivalent inclusion method. First, we replace the inhomogeneities into equivalent inclusions bearing equivalent non-uniform eigenstrains. Using the principle of superposition, and assuming the piecewise uniform eigenstrain distributions, we subdivide the equivalent inclusions into small polygonal (for 2D problems) / polyhedral (for 3D problems) inclusions bearing uniform but unknown eigenstrains. The elastic field caused by each small inclusion is obtained by the numerical integration of the Green's function. Finally, the problem is reduced to a set of simultaneous equations for the unknown uniform eigenstrains. The results obtained by the present method are compared with those obtained by the boundary element method for some example problems and the accuracy and efficiency of the method are discussed in detail.

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Ductile to brittle transition (DBT) behavior in two cast duplex stainless steels was investigated; one prepared from a real large -scaled product and the other from small-sized test sample. DBT temperature was higher in the latter specimen than the former specimen. SEM/EBSD observations of the fracture surface and the cross-sectioned plane reveal that microstructure difference brings different fraction of cleavage fracture of ferrite phase. That is, the small-sized test specimen fractures mostly along ferrite cleavage plane, while the specimen prepared from the real product fractures along both ferrite and austenite grains.

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A low carbon steel was heated at 700℃ in a mixed gas atmosphere consisting of N_2 and NH_3 followed by water-quenching. The cross section of the treated sample exhibits three layers: from the surface, the first layer(about 30μm)consists of nitride and the retained austenite, the second layer (10μm) martensite and austenite and then the ferrite matrix. The hardness near the surface was approximately HV500 while that of the matrix HV240. Nitride was found out on the surface layer by X-ray diffraction.

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The influence of silicon on plastic deformation behavior in iron was studied by means of in-situ neutron diffraction during tensile process and SEM/EBSD measurement. The deformation mechanism including the dislocation interaction with Si solution atoms was investigated here, grain size, elastic and plastic lattice strain, dislocation and texture were compared. Compared with the calculated full width at half maximum (FWHM) measured by neutron diffraction was fond to increase with increasing of Si concentration, The working hardening rate increased duo to increase of dislocation density.

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Recently, the demand for ultra-thin Si wafers is escalating with the rapid development and miniaturization of electronic devices, such as IC cards, mobile phones, and portable computer. The conventional process for thinning is backgrinding with diamond grinding wheels followed by stress relief process, such as chemical mechanical polishing and etching. However, those processes are costly and have environmental concerns. Besides, the thinned wafers have to be transferred from the grinding machine to the stress relief equipments, which increase the risk of breakage of extremely thin wafer during demounting, handling and remounting. In order to combine high efficiency grinding with diamond segments and damage free stress relief with chemo-mechanical grinding segments. This research developed a one-stop grinding machine to achieve the ultra-thin Si wafer fabrication. Results show the minimum Si wafer thickness obtained 5[μm] and 30[μm] including stress relief by a completely fixed-abrasive process.

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Electrolyzing in-process dressing (ELID) grinding method enables the creation on the high-quality processing side for various materials. However, the development of the environment-friendly processing technology becomes an indispensable problem at the same time as creating a high-quality side recently. We are working on the construction of the technology used with the tool development that uses the plant to answer such a problem. In this report, the influence that the rate of temperature rise when the plant carbon was sintered exerted on the friction wear-out characteristic of the sintered compact was investigated. In addition, the sea dog Bonn whetstone is produced with the rate of temperature rise to obtain a more excellent characteristic, and it reports on the result of examining the processing property.

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In the aim to develop conductive bonded grinding wheels which can efficiently realize high quality ground surfaces for hard and brittle materials in ELID grinding, we developed a new cast iron bonded grinding wheel with air hole. As the first step of this study, a wheel model consisting of rigid abrasive grains and bonds as spring elements with stiffness k is proposed. In this model, grinding abrasives are uniformly arranged in body centered lattice and successive two grains are connected by a bond with static stiffness k. In this study, the cross- section structure of the wheel, static stiffness and frictional wear characteristics were studied, and the fundamental mechanical characteristics of the grinding wheel were estimated.

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ELID is technique that it electrolyzes the wheel surface during processing for dressing. This method came to enable the minute abrasive wheel to use. However, in late years the more environmentally friendly processing techniques are required. We develop a wheel and grinding fluid to meet such a demand. In our laboratory we are studying non-chemical solution type grinding fluid to use as ELID grinding fluid. When the non-chemical solution type grinding fluid is used, semiconductor materials and biomaterials are not covered by the fluid components during processing of them. In addition, becomes easy after the processing the waste liquid treatment because there is little influence on environment. In this report, we focus attention on electrolyzed reduced water as a non-chemical solution type grinding fluid. We investigated the effects of ELID grinding properties when using electrolyzed reduced water. After that was ELID grinding by using the electrolyzed reduced water and the conductive rubber bonded wheel.

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The MEMS technology for various nano/micro devices often requires special facilities and complicated and multistage processes, thus the fabrication cost is extremely high. This research aimed to fabricate nanoscale structures on monocrystalline silicon substrates using nanoscratching. In this paper, nano/micro-scale line-and-space patterns were generated on a silicon substrate using an atomic force microscope equipped with a sharp probe made of monocrystalline diamond. Subsequent chemical etching was also conducted on the fabricated line-and-space patterns. As a result, it was confirmed that the groove was deepened several times but little increased in its width.

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In the micro-electric discharge machining (μ-EDM), it is thought to be difficult to achieve nano-accuracy finishing because of its machining principle and severe electrode wear. Under such circumstance, this study aims to fabricate the micro-structures with high-accuracy by μ-EDM. In this report, the fabrication experiments of micro-grooves were conducted to the stainless workpieces with Cu-W fine electrodes to investigate the mechanism of the electrode wear that became important for three dimensional structure formation. Also, the coarse and fine planetary motion machining was proposed and performed to fabricate the layer structure. As a result, its effectiveness was confirmed.

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To confirm the feasibility of microfabrication by short pulse irradiation as new manufacturing technology of polyimide or new applications of the material, near-infrared short pulses were irradiated inside polyimide substrates. As a result, formation of modified polyimide with 20-30 μm in width and 250-270 μm in length was observed. The regions consist of a lot of micro voids with 20 μm or less in size, and indicate that change of mechanical or chemical characteristics after wet etching process by dichloromethane. It is necessary to do miniaturization of modified regions or improve the processing characteristics to be applied to manufacturing technology of polyimide.

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To reduce the head damage of the infant in a traffic accident, the international safety level claims some shape conditions of the interior part of the automobile. This level provides that curvature of the shape that touches a sphere with Φ165 must be larger than R3.2. Since the designer of interior parts is spending enormous costs for detecting possible dangerous shape, reduction of the verification cost is strongly requested. In this report, we represent a simple and fast algorithm for detecting the possible dangerous shape.

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The present study aims to establish the fabrication technology of electrode films for micro solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) by the green tape laser sintering (GTLS) method. We used a Nd:YAG laser to sinter the green tape of electrode film materials on an electrolyte substrate. The materials are samaria doped ceria (SDC) for the electrolyte, samarium strontium cobaltite for the cathode, and cross-linked polyethylene monodisperse particles for the pore-forming agent. We controlled laser energy by changing the focus position in the experiment. As a result, the area ratio of the film pores is 20 % under the following conditions: laser energy, 0.23 mJ; scan speed, 200 mm/min; pulse width, 1.2 ms; repetition frequency, 80 Hz; defocus, 16 mm.

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In late years a study on medical device is conducted flourishingly. However, they are often very hard devices. Therefore, we produced the 3D structure that used a sodium alginate for a development of a flexible medical device. We used the PELID method which is a ink-jet technique using a electrostatic force for fabrication. Fabrication of hollow 3D structure using sodium alginate only is difficult. Therefore we enabled fabrication of hollow 3D structure by we combined gelatin with sodium alginate, and making patterning. The Fabrication of a new sodium alginate micro device is enabled by using this technique.

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