This paper introduces the UK Knowledge Transfer Partnership (KTP) programme as a vehicle for technology transfer between academic institutions, and commercial organisations in the UK. The paper outlines the aims, objectives and organisation of the programme, then explores its operation through 2 case studies of manufacturing companies with specific objectives that have entered into KTP programmes with the University of Central Lancashire to achieve solutions.

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The topic of this paper is set against the background of the choices of procurement systems available to the UK construction industry emanating from developments over the last decade. This period has seen many clients move away from competitive tendering to favour the use of contracts with closer supply chain management through advances in both project and long-term strategic partnering arrangements often between clients and their facilities providers, constructors, designers et al. In parallel with these collaborative initiatives has been an increase in construction procurement based on supply chain integration-'Prime Contracting' and in the use of private funding which can offer advantages to clients using a Private Finance Initiate approach. This paper presents a number of points that will have to considered by potential Prime Contractors to assess if the project's attractiveness and associated risks are acceptable to them, especially if considering projects in international locations.

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Powder technology is a process technology of participate solids. By a strong tie between Japan and Thailand, the establishment of Thai Powder Technology Center (TPTC) was intended in Chulalongkorn University in 1990s. It was to transfer powder technology from Japan to Thailand to bottom up the technology in Thailand. By steady efforts of key persons both in Thailand and Japan, the intention was realized with fruitful results. The initiation, the inauguration, endeavoring key persons and their results in ten years were traced. TPTC is now nominated as Center of Excellence in Powder Technology in Chulalongkorn University, and steps forwards to wider and more sophisticated areas feeding information and benefits to industry.

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This is a study that focuses on the relation between institutional and organizational process in terms of evolutionary economics. This paper is interested in the application of evolutionary concepts to the empirical study of the firm. Historical and institutional studies required different approaches and methods than docomparative statics. In the presentation, comparing several cases of technological transfers or developments which happened in one firm, in Mitsubishi, will help to explain how the institutions function for evolving capabilities, because new transferred technologies are expect to require the development of managerial infrastructure that provides working rules, administrative structures and collective legitimacy. Mitsubishi, the biggest unitary firm in Japan with the established collective ideas and rules, developed capabilities for new industries by the internal growth with no mergers and acquisitions. Principally, there are two type of evolving business capabilities; the one is through establishing a new firm, and the other one is through starting a new business within the existing firm. This paper would deal with the empirical cases of the latter type of evolving capabilities and shed light on the factors that condition successes or constrains. The sequential cases of the diversification strategies in Mitsubishi, particularly after the end of the First World War, not only showed how a Japanese big business struggle with the challenges that the second industrial revolution brought to, but also gave the example of a realisation of this type of entrepreneurial actions in Japan. This study deal with one firm, but compare the multiple cases of technology transfers and developments. The firm Mitsubishi already had the established rules and routines of thinking and executing how to evolve capabilities. From 1915 to 1935, Mitsubishi developed the capabilities for electric appliances, airplanes, chemistry submarine boat, chemistry and oil refinery. Before describe how the existing institutions functioned across these cases, it is necessary to review the concepts for observing the firms. Through comparing these cases, In this paper the architecture of the firm is defined as the constitutional part of institutions and collectiveness for evolving capabilities. Mainly in the presentation, I will describe each case and compare with them.

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Japan has been adopting new technology from abroad for many years, but the technology transfer from Japan was very rare. Many innovative technologies from foreign countries had been introduced to Japan and raised Japanese technology level very rapidly. In recent years the technology standard of Japan goes up to the world's highest level, and gradually technology transfer from Japan is seen to take place. In this paper recent technology transfer from Japan is discussed. The necessary conditions to be the sender of new technology are examined by taking some typical examples of innovative technologies such as Human F/A Support Engineering and Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS).

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We introduce Japanese traditional products manufactured by western machines moved by waterwheels, for example, the pottery, Japanese paper, and incense sticks. These machines have been improved for applying to Japanese traditional works. Noticing the quality of the product and the operation of those machines, we suggest the importance of similar operation in western and local machines for manufacturing high quality products and also propose a hint to solve the environmental problems. It is ascertained from several successful examples based on Japanese traditional idea of technology.

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The paper below offers a background to Creativity Diagnostics, it is an edited version of a presention to the European Learning Styles International Network which was co-writen with Prof. Glenn Hardaker from The University of Huddersfield (Jeffries & Hardaker, 2003). On the 3rd Dec we shall explore the theoretical framework behind creativity diagnostic software such as the Learning and Creativity Profile Generator (LCPG) and then discuss the practical application of this work to creativity enhancement; in particular, I shall focus on how this research has been applied to the needs of undergraduate design students and professionals within the creative industries. There will be opportunity to reflect on the implications of this work for conference delgates and their respective fields after the presentation.

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This paper aims at proposing a model of innovation-diffusion process into a social system in terms of a self-organizing system. The author has made a presentation of innovation-diffusion process at the previous ICBTT held at Kyoto in 2002 and published this work in 2003. Reexamining actual innovation-diffusion processes, the author presents a revised and, hopefully, evolving one, principally based on the dissipative structure theory. This has been first conceived by I. Prigogine and is one of the most leading self-organizing system theories. The innovation-diffusion model to be presented here has four main elements; a social system, an innovation, communications networks and dynamics. A social system is composed of more than one individual unit, developing a self-organizing system when an innovation diffuses into it. An innovation is composed of artifacts that are its embodiment not only conceptually but technologically, also developing a self-organizing system with the transformation of the social system. Communications networks are divided ideally into three; the local, the long-range communications networks and the one that interfaces the social system with its environment. Finally, both the social system and the innovation behave themselves dynamically via communications networks, coevolving with each other.

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Japan is now one of the most advanced economies in the field of e-health and telecare in terms of number of manufactured devices. Based on field research on those systems, we present the characteristics and issues of Japanese e-health and telecare technology. The telecare system in effect today in Japan can be broadly categorized into three groups in terms of aim, nature of medical information, equipment, and type of network as follows: (a) telecare; (b) e-health; and (c) Regional health and welfare management-type system. We focus on each one in detail from the viewpoint of technology. The analysis contains the following comparison. Japanese household electric appliance manufacturers such as Panasonic, NEC, Fujitsu, and Sanyo sell remote monitoring devices, and more than 11,000 are now in use (as of August 2003). The largest share is occupied by 'Urara' invented and manufactured by Nasa corporation, a venture company. Well-established companies also manufacture other monitoring terminals: Sanyo sells 'Medicom' while NEC 'Sukoyaka Mate'. They have not been able to occupy the major share so far, even though they can afford to make a substantial investment in R&D activities. We technologically compare these terminals and discuss the differences among attitudes toward innovation and technological management. Finally, the future development of the terminals in the age of broadband is examined.

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It is well known that Robot Contest of "College of Technology" is televised on a nationwide program at the end of the year in Japan. It has a history of over ten years since 1988. This rule changes every year. Technology transfer is important from upper class students to lower class student at the event It is effective that students themselves teach the technology to lower students. The authors report present education condition and technology transfer.

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In Meiji era, Japan, amazing of and admiring the modern culture and knowledge had started her industrialization, absorbing Western Culture and Engineering. The financial system of Japan had played a great role by activating financial resources and encouraging an introduction of the western Technology. After the War, Japan started her reconstruction, only with human resources. Japan, keeping Wealth of Nation and General Theory in mind, has made a reputation as an energetic economy. We focus on the role and function of Japanese financial system and its operations on the growth of Asian countries and Japanese foreign direct investment in Shohwa era after 1960's. The key is "catalyst factor" (4th factor) of the industrial finance scheme on the economic development through project assessment. I=f (3U; 3I), f=d/c.

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On 9 April 2006, it is the two hundred-birth anniversary of Isambard Kingdom Brunei (1806 to 1859), a great engineer of the Victorian Age. There will be, in Great Britain and in Japan also, some celebrations for his achievements. In this presentation, our discussion points will be: why does Brunei attract us now?-through the comparative views of stand points: 19th vs 21st, Great Britain vs Japan, technology vs society, conservative vs progressive, etc. In order to the comparative studies on Brunei and Shimazu Nariakira (1809 to 1858), a Japanese 'daimyo' lord of Satsuma in the same generation with Brunei. This is the aim of contributing toward technology innovation and technology education.

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Once upon a time, a primitive man was gathering the shellfishes for food. He found a conch. He pierced and turned a stick in order to take out the flesh. This is said to have been the first moment that human being encountered the screw. On another opportunity, a mankind had found that trees were coiled around by ivy or vine in a forest. It is said that the idea of screw spiral or helix was invented by this observation. Furthermore, authors consider the snake myths that distributed over the Eastern and Western world will be another origin of the idea of screws. Screw is indispensable as a present-day machine element. To the origin of the screw, nature and myths will be considered. In this paper, origin and development of screw concept in the ancient Greco-Roman world, Asia Minor, Mesopotamia, China, and Japan are researched from the results of fieldwork and reference's investigation.

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There were toys that were called KARAKURI dolls in Japan during the Edo era, 1603-1867. Even though they were toys, their insides, that enable dolls' complicated movements, include elaborate machine mechanisms which are common in the modern machine technology. In this research, it was analyzed that the advanced KARAKURI technologies background were one factor allowing Japan smoothly import and develop the modern machine technologies, by comparing the internal mechanism of KARAKURI dolls of Edo era with Reuleaux models which are considered to be the Western modern typical fundamental machine mechanisms. The mechanisms of KARAKURI dolls were referred to in the machine technical book "KARAKURI-ZUI" of Edo era.

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The Engineer Training School, which was founded in 1877 within the compounds of Osaka Station as an institution to railway high-level engineers with practical skills for Japan's railway system, had as its goal the production of graduates who could provide engineering/technical leadership in railway construction and operation. This training school was an "in-company" vocational training facility, whose graduates would go on to practice advanced British railway technology through on-the-job-training (OJT), and it was these men who served as leaders during Japan's early program of railway construction. This report focuses on the Engineer Training School 's curriculum and compares it with those in modem technical institutes and engineering schools. Through this process, we hope to throw some light on the general process of technology and skills acquisition.

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The Class 860 2-4-2 tank engine, which was the first steam engine domestically built in Japan, was constructed in 1893 by engineers at the Kobe Works of the Imperial Government Railway of Japan (IGRJ) under the supervision of a British locomotive superintendent. Ten years later, in 1903, production began on the first mass-produced steam engine in Japan at the Osaka Locomotive Manufacturing Company (Kisha Seizo Kaisha), the first Japanese private locomotive manufacturing company founded by Masaru INOUE (former director of IGRJ) in 1896. It was a noteworthy technological feat that a total of 41 2-4-2 tank engines of the Class 230 were manufactured during the Meiji period. In this report, we make a technological comparison of steam locomotive design and construction between the Class 230 tank engine and the standard-type engine which was imported at that time from the United Kingdom. In addition, technology/skill transfer on steam locomotive construction and the originality of Japanese engineers and workers will be discussed. The contents of this report are as follows. 1) Introduction, 2) Standard-type engines imported during the Meiji era, 3) Establishment of Osaka Locomotive Manufacturing Company (Osaka Kisha Seizo Kaisha) and early manufacturing of steam engines, 4) Technology transfer from the U.K., and innovations by Japanese engineers.

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