In order to achieve the public acceptance of hydrogen refueling stations as social infrastructure in the early commercialization stage of fuel cell vehicles, it is quite important never to bring about severe accident which leads to casualties or property damage outside of the hydrogen refueling station. In this paper the analysis of accident scenarios of hydrogen refueling station which focuses the consequence of hydrogen release is performed, and safety measures for the risk reduction of severe accidents are discussed.

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The Research Association of Hydrogen Supply/Utilization Technology (HySUT) was established in July 2009 by private companies and organizations to solve the issues of technology, consumer awareness, and social acceptance in order to assist the industry with commercialization of fuel cell vehicles (FCVs) and the hydrogen infrastructure. The Japan Hydrogen & Fuel Cell Demonstration Project (JHFC) is a major demonstration program of FCVs and supporting hydrogen infrastructure in Japan that began in 2002. JHFC3, a technical and social demonstration program, started in April 2011 as a three year joint research program with the New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO).

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A bed has important functions in daily living environment since recorded history. Recently, beds are continue evolving, such as to prevent from fall accident and to detect vital information of a patient. Welfare equipment around a bed has also been developed. Transfer and movement assist equipment for daily living environment enables to connect between daily living activities. Thus, the equipment contributes greatly to maintain and to improve activity of daily living of elderly persons. Conventionally, family members or care workers support elderly as care-givers. As a practical measure against Japanese rapidly aging and workforce shortage, it is important that welfare equipment based on robot technology and ergonomics to be urgently developed. The Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry / Health, Labour and Welfare Ministry support developing such technologies and spreading welfare equipment as a national strategy. Japan, as a preceding country in aging, is expected to contribute for this universal problem.

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This report briefly introduces a development project for the TALKING AID for iPad, which supports communications among people who have difficulty in producing sounds by various reasons. The TALKING AID has over twenty years of history and widely accepted. The purpose of this project is not only translating the conventional TALKING AID device into a tablet device, but also increasing user candidate by developing a symbol keyboard, a switch interface device and a protection cover.

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Prosthetics and Orthotics are functional replacement for an amputated or congenitally malformed or missing limb. There are an important specialty area that can dramatically improve the quality of life for people with certain musculoskeletal conditions caused congenitally or by injury or illness. Recent years have seen significant technological advancements being made in the development of prosthetic and orthotic devices. Improved materials and technologies are enabling many individuals with disabilities to return to activities they previously enjoyed. We are prepared and happy to help our clients achieve a better lifestyle and improved comfort through the skillful application of the latest technology in a caring and supportive environment.

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Substantive issues of a criminal case are governed by the Criminal Code, and procedural issues, by the Criminal Procedure Code. When engineers discuss their criminal liability for accidents, they do not usually have sufficient knowledge about the law. This paper provides very basic principles of the criminal law and the criminal procedure, focusing on criminal negligence.

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In March of 2004, a large-scale revolving door, at an entrance of a commercial building in Roppongi, Tokyo, caught a boy by his head. It was fatal. The author privately initiated "The Door Project" to investigate the cause of this tragic accident. The study identified that the door was driven by two motors and stopped by four braking wheels triggered in case any of the seven types of sensors tripped; the basic concept was artificially-designed safety. The author, with others that joined the project, build a crash dummy to recreate the jamming mechanism and found the jamming force to reach about 6,000N. We learned from our further study into the product evolution that the original European design concept to keep large revolving doors at light weight for safety was lost in Japan and replaced with shiny and gorgeous looks. People involved, i.e., designers, owners and managers, were preoccupied with frequent small accidents and never looked into what serious accidents could happen. The door design was based on artificial safety that hid the latent danger. Instead, artificial safety should supplement native safety. Most Japanese think that justice finds the cause and identifies the responsible. For further accident prevention, however, cause analysis should be in the hands of other specialist organizations and justice should only come in play if necessary.

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Recently, the causes of mechanical accidents become more complicated and technological. But Japanese historical criminal low, e.g. negligent homicide can be still applicable only to a simple and human-error-typed case. On the other hands, public prosecutors need a legal story to charge some engineers, not to clarify an engineering truth. Therefore, justices sometimes did not explain any engineering causes of the accident although the court had exclusively investigated the accident's evidences for several years. Engineers except the persons concerned, however, want to know the entire cause of the accident, and improve their own design methods as soon as possible. So far, engineering and law could not work together toward investigating the cause of the accident. In near future, the civil low will relieve a victim at soon; and the criminal low should have a plea bargaining with engineers to get the accident's evidences against the complicated and technological case.

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The present age is the times of science, technology and engineering. We receive benefit of the science, technology and engineering every day, however, we have various problems at the same time. On the other hand, in this field, subdivision and specialization have strongly developed, and these are not what we can understand. It is very important that academic society announce the importance and the truth of the science, technology and engineering for general public. This discussion forum is one opportunity for such an announcement.

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In 2005 April, "Research Center for Steel" was established in Kyushu university in order to promote the collaboration between Kyushu university and the steel making companies in Japan. Purpose of the establishment is not only to realize advanced research in the scientific field related to steel but also to bring up excellent young researchers under the collaboration with industry. Our research center has a special education program "Education Program for graduated Students Collaborated by University and Industry" which is carried out in steel making companies for 4〜5 days in the summer vacation. On the other hand, our research center manages many research projects which are sponsored by companies related to steel production. The Research Center for Steel in Kyushu university has been producing many excellent young researchers to the industry for 9 years and contributing the development of advanced researches on the process technology of steel making.

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The cooperation between industry and the academic work in Japan has been working well recently. In this article, the cooperation through my experiences on industry and academic sides was described.

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It is an important issue of Japan to create a new enterprise by an innovation. However, since there are few effective results corresponding to investment, we are worried about the fall of international industrial competitiveness of Japan. Therefore, in this lecture, it proposes about the innovation creation by industry-academia-goverament collaboration. First, the definition of an innovation is reconfirmed clearly. Next, the point for creating an innovation is shown. Finally, It is described what each industry, academia, and the government have to perform.

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Industry-academia-government collaboration activity on the vehicle has been carried out wide-ranging up to now. In them I describe the issue and the introduction of a typical project like a 'Next generation Engine development' 'Next generation Vehicle development' etc. In addition, I explain the difference between Japanese project and the introduction of European Project, I propose towards the future.

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In order to realize the performance of the mechanical structures, it is fundamentally important to show the sufficient level of the safety. However, it is rather difficult to show the degree of safety quantitatively. There are many uncertainties in the operation of mechanical quipments and so it is difficult to show the degree of safety quantitatively. In the mechanical field, the safety factor is widely used as the measure of the safety in design stage. Usually, the safety factor is determined by some experience and not by clear scientific basis. To promote the reliability based design in mechanical field, it is extremely important to develop reliability related standards. In the activities of JSME Material and Mechanics Division, we investigated the technical back ground of reliability based design and some reports have been already published. Since the development of reliability related standard is extremely important, we are planning to issue reliability based JIS standard. The details of background, technical basis and future plan will be shown in the presentation.

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Concern about fitness-for-service (FFS) assessments stochastic analyses for aged pressure equipment with local metal loss has been growing. When a decision must be made regarding whether to run or repair equipment with local metal loss, a structural integrity assessment based on reliability helps. On the other hand, several standards for metal loss assessment procedures were published or revised recently, for example API 579-1/ASME FFS-1, BS7910, DNV RP F101. Some of the standards provide assessment procedures using partial safety factors based on reliability. In this paper, metal loss assessment procedures based on reliability and related recommended practices and standards are introduced.

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When suitable materials in the right place are able to place freely anywhere, it can be produced with microactuators, sensors, and signal processing circuit to freely also inside as well as the surface of mechanical parts. Although they are basic research, two new processes indicating the possibility are introduced in this presentation. One is novel lift-off process using die. The other is direct reduction Cu patterning process by femtosecond laser pulses. These new processes show the potential to allow any arrangement of a polymeric material and metal in any place.

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2-3 years, information about the 3D printer is very large.3D printer was present from about 25 years ago so called as Rapid Proto Model. When 3D design began to spread in Japan from about 15 years ago, practical use of Rapid Proto Model has spread.As the fastest manufacturing method of a wide, low-volume production, initially, it was used to prototype production mainly. After then, by applying to the mass production, people have focused on improving flexibility of design considerations without manufacturing constraints. In addition, the transformation to the 3D printer became possible from the production machine of conventional 3D drawing rules evolution with attribute information. Rise to advances in 3D printer by distribution of 3D data, 3D environment of Manufacturing has caused the development of a new manufacturing reform as a result.

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3D Printing of metal is the spotlighted process, and searching of applications of this process is pressing need. And, one of the applications will be production of porous or lattice metal structure. Already, several researches and developments of porous metal using 3D printer are started and they will be introduce at here.

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Fiber reinforced self-healing ceramic composite consists of oxide fiber bundle, oxide matrix and non-oxide interlayer, exhibiting the ultrahigh self-healing ability. The superior self-healing ability gives the composite time-dependent type life time, although the ordinary ceramics have to take into consideration the probability of occurrence of excessive load. Therefore, the composite can actualize the ceramic turbine blade substituting from the ordinary metal turbine blade, lead to develop an advanced jet engine having 15% higher fuel efficiency than the latest jet engine.

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Nowdays, model based development of systems is hilighed to shorten cycles of developments and reduce costs for them. For the model based development, models of target systems are very important. For the modeling of systems, prior information of targets should be used in models. However even if the detailed properties of the system are known, it is hard to identify the targets using too complicated models. Simplified models are used in these cases, but sometimes they are insufficient in performance. In this talk an identification method with combination of simplified physical model and emperical error model is presented. To enhance the performance of physical model, we newly define an error system whose output is estimation error of physical model. And then steady-error model and transient-error model are identified separately. Finally, by compensating the estimation error, more accurate estimation is obtained. An application to an internal combustion engine will be demonstrated.

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Concepts of model based development and model based control become more important from the several points of view, such as for installing advanced combustion technologies, improving engine performance for transient operation, and reducing development procedures and cost. In this paper, the simplified engine control model for HCCI engine is presented. The model has been developed to apply to ECU for the purpose of the model based control. The model employs a concept of discretization to only express specific points of a cycle for a feed forward control purpose and achieves its calculation speed enough fast. The model is also available for designing a feedback controller. The developed model is validated in static conditions and compared with experiments. As a result, it shows good agreement even when the several actuators change. Transient response of HCCI engine is also simulated for step change of actuators. In addition, LQG feedback controller is designed based on the model, and combustion control is demonstrated with the controller in simulation. Such demonstrations also provide a guideline of HCCI engine control.

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Mainly steam is utilized as a means for thermal energy supply in industrial fields. It is important to be aware of the steam flow rate in the view point of energy management. However, steam becomes wet in many cases in the process to be sent through steam pipes to machinery using steam. It is well known that the wetness of steam sometimes causes measurement errors of the steam flow rate, and there has scarcely been the established method for estimating the influence caused by the wetness of steam flow. Accordingly, we conducted the experiments of wet steam flow rate measurement to clarify the measurement error caused by the wetness of steam. This paper reports the measurement using a vortex flow meter, following our previous paper using an orifice flow meter. As a result, the correlation between the measurement error and the flow condition was clarified. And a measurement example using vortex flow meters to heat consumption of drying process at a working factory is introduced

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The purpose of this paper is to give steam users and researchers engaged in wet steam flow measurement an approach to uncertainty analysis in wet steam flow rate measurement. This paper introduces the outline of ASME MFC-19G-2008 technical report. Moreover, we explain an approach to uncertainty analysis in wet steam flow measurement while introduce examples.

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It is well known that the wetness of steam flow sometimes causes measurement errors of the steam flow meter. However, it is difficult to clarify a particular error quantitatively in actual plants and factories, and thus far, there has been no established method for estimating the error caused by the wetness of steam flow. In this paper, basic characteristics of wet steam and general effects on flow rate measurement were introduced.

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Flow accelerated corrosion (FAC) is an important issue for aging fossil and nuclear power plants. FAC causes thinning of pipe walls which occasionally leads to a piping rupture accident. "Research Committee on Improvement and Practical Use of Pipe-Wall-Thinning Management" of JSME revised technical knowledge regarding pipe wall thinning phenomena attached to JSME "Code for Power Generation Facilities -Rule on Pipe Wall Thinning Management-JSME-S CA1 2005." This paper summarizes the technical knowledge of recent advances in study on FAC.

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The liquid droplet impingement (LDI) and the cavitation are major sources of pipe-wall thinning in the nuclear/fossil power plants. This paper describes the recent advances in the study of LDI and cavitation erosion of wall material, which cover the mechanism and the prediction method of wall-thinning. An attention is placed on the management of LDI erosion and the cavitation erosion in the actual power plant.

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In recent years, the importance of utilizing a prediction model or code for the management of pipe wall thinning has been recognized. In Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers (JSME), a working group on prediction methods has been set up within a research committee for studying the management of pipe wall-thinning. Some prediction models for pipe wall thinning were reviewed by benchmark analyses in terms of their prediction characteristics and the specifications required for their use in the management of pipe wall thinning in power generation facilities. This paper introduces the prediction models selected from the existing flow-accelerated corrosion and/or liquid droplet impingement erosion models. The experimental results and example of the results of wall thickness measurement used as benchmark data are also mentioned.

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Benchmarking examinations of FAC and LDI prediction models have been done as part of the activities of JSME P-SCCII-4 committee. This paper describes brief summary of the benchmarking examinations. Merits of pipe-wall thinning management aided by prediction codes, required specifications of the prediction codes to be used, and current status of the prediction codes have been also discussed.

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Main committee of Power Generation Facility Code (MC-PGFC) of Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers (JSME) made a roadmap in 2007 to enhance pipe wall thinning management rules after establishing management rules. JSME Research Committee for improving Pipe-Wall-Thinning Management drafted a revised version of the roadmap based on the questionnaire on March 2014. This paper shows summary of the questionnaire and the roadmap.

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The flow and acoustic fields are simultaneously predicted by direct simulations based on the compressible Navier-Stokes equations. The methodologies and examples of direct simulations by finite difference scheme are presented.

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Direct simulations of sounds by the finite difference Lattice Boltzmann Method are briefly described. Two types of models for compressible fluids are introduced, and some simulation results are shown. A model for two-phase flow, air and water, is also introduced and sound in the air and under water sound are directly simulated.

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Thanks to a massive innovation of computers, tens of methods for computational aeroacoustics (CAA) are available nowadays, and are used as promising tools for the design of aircrafts, high speed trains, automobiles and so on. In this paper, a hybrid approach of CAA based on vortex sound theory is summarized and applied to a low Mach number problem. First incompressible turbulent flow around a cylinder is calculated by the large eddy simulation (LES), and then its results are coupled with shape-adapted Green's functions which are solved by boundary element method (BEM). Aeroacoustic noise from the cylinder is simulated as an example, and both sound pressure at a far field and sound sources in the flow are estimated.

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This presentation describes the present status and future perspectives of the computational aeroacoustics, by showing several applications to flow-related industrial products. In particular, it focuses on the sound generated in relatively low-speed flows. Aerodynamic sound originates from the fluctuations in the fluid flows, and therefore, it can be predicted by combined computations of fluid-flow and sound propagation, provided that the source fluctuations in the fluid flows can be accurately predicted. Due to the remarkable speed up of the computer performance, the affordable number of the grids for fluid-flow computations has already reached to several tens billion, and will probably reach several hundred billion within five years. This number of the computational grids allows us to accurately predict fluid motion in micro-meter scales, which contributes to the generation of sound in frequency range of several thousand hertz. Therefore, it is almost certain that we will be able to predict, with a sufficient accuracy, source fluctuations in the fluid flows, and hence, the method for predicting sound propagation will become more important.

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An olfactory display is a device that generates various odors and delivers them to the user's nose. It has been originally developed as part of a multimodal user interface in a virtual reality system to provide a rich experience to the user. Presenting odors together with visual images and sound is also expected to enhance the reality of various scenes in a movie. An olfactory display can also be used to add special effects to video games and digital signage. In this article, the olfactory display technology is briefly reviewed. Two examples are described in detail: a smelling screen and an olfactory assist mask. The smelling screen generates spatial odor distribution as if an odor is released from a specific position on a computer monitor screen. The olfactory assist mask allows the user to have an enhanced olfactory sensitivity. It detects a faint scent wafting in air by using a gas sensor, and presents an odor vapor with an increased concentration to the user.

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A user's experience of a product involves a set of transitions from one sensory state to another. For example, in the user's perception of a product's qualities, the state of their sensory modality may shift from vision to touch. Between such state transitions, users have expectations regarding their subsequent states based on their experience of a current state event. A disconfirmation between prior expectation and posterior experience evokes emotions such as surprise, satisfaction, and disappointment. Such emotions affect the user's perception of the value of a product. A noteworthy phenomenon in the perception of expectation disconfirmation is that the expectation affects the perceived experience itself. This psychological phenomenon called the expectation effect affects the user's perception of expectation disconfirmation. This effect is a key element for designing the affective experience of a product. In this article, we present our current studies regarding expectation effect. With a mechanism of the expectation effect, we discuss the essence of perceptual experience that consists of prediction as well as sense.

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