Acid fog and rain samples were collected at Mountain range of Hachimantai and at Akita City in Japan. Various ion concentration of these sample were analyzed using an ion chromatography and pH meter. The NO₃- concentration of rain at Akita increased gradually year to year. The fog water had a high concentration of various ions compared with the rain. The highest concentration was observed in the weather chart of high pressure on Japan Island. The fog water had a low concentration for various ions in autumn compared with those in spring, so that this result agreed with the fact that the autumn sky is clear and clear in Japan.

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Adsorption isotherms of nitrogen and methane were measured on natural clinoptilolite and montmorillonite/mordenite zeolites as adsorbents. IR spectra of methane adsorbed by the natural zeolites were also measured. Analyses of isotherms of nitrogen showed that small surface area (S_BET; 20∼26m²g^-1) and pore volume (V_p; 0.060∼0.062mlg^-1) as well as small micro porosity (internal surface area, S_INT; 3∼4m²g^-1, micro pore volume, V_micro; 0.008∼0.011mlg^-1), while those of larger values (S_BET; 112m²g^-1, V_p; 0.24mlg^-1, S_INT; 17m²g^-1, V_micro; 0.048mlg^-1) for montmorillonite/mordenite zeolite. Adsorption data of methane on clinoptilolite zeolites and on montmorillonite/mordenite zeolite were not found to obey a Langmuir-type adsorption equation even in the range of lower pressures (p<200mmHg). Isosteric heats of adsorption (q_st) of methane on montmorillonite/ mordenite zeolite were larger than those on clinoptilolite zeolites. The values of q_st decreased with an increase in the amount of methane adsorbed, indicating that surfaces of the natural zeolites are not homogeneous and adsorption of methane is likely to proceed on stronger adsorption sites. IR spectra of the ν_{1, CH4}, for the natural zeolites-methane system suggested that methane molecules are adsorbed on strong cationic sites which corresponds to Na⁺ and K⁺ sites for clinoptilolite zeolites and to Ca²⁺ and Na⁺ sites for montmorillonite/mordenite zeolite.

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Starting raw materials prepared by a thermal decomposition of a mixture obtained from aqueous solutions of Mn, Co, Ni nitrates, were ground under dry (in air) and wet (in water and alcohol) conditions by a tumbling ball mill to investigate sinterability and characteristics of NTC thermistor. The dry grinding causes aggregation of fine particles even in early stage of grinding, while the wet grinding reduces the particle size of the product. The sintered bodies from the products ground in wet using water possess large cracks, while they are fairly free from the defects when the mixture was ground in alcohol. Wet grinding in methanol with high (μ/V) value is more advantageous for producting dry fine particles, resulting in the improvement in characteristics of NTC thermistor with high density.

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The electrolytic deposition behavior of Mo in molten salt has been studied using the equimolar NaCl-KCl molten salt, which contains Li₂MoO₄ as a molybdenum source. In the equimolar NaCl-KCl molten salt containing only Li₂MoO₄, a high cathodic current corresponding to the reduction reaction of Li₂MoO₄ was observed under cathodic polarization. Under this polarization, the deposition of Mo could not be observed, but the deposition of Li₂Mo₂O₅ which grew perpendicular to the substrate surface was observed. On the other hand, in the equimolar NaCl-KCl molten salt containing B₂O₃, AlF₃ or K₂SiF₆ as the second addition agents in addition to the Li₂MoO₄, a higher cathodic current was observed under cathodic polarization, showing that the cathodic reaction was more active. Under the cathodic polarization in the molten salt containing B₂O₃ or AlF₃ as the second addition agent, the deposition of MoO₂ occurred without depending on the polarization potential. On the contrary, under the cathodic polarization in the molten salt containing K₂SiF₆ as the second addition agent the deposition material was changed with the polarization potential. Thus, in the molten salt containing K₂SiF₆, MoO₂ was deposited at high potentials, while Mo was deposited at low potentials. Consequently, it was found that in the equimolar NaCl-KCl molten salt containing Li₂MoO₄ and K₂SiF₆, Mo was deposited under the cathodic polarization at low potential.

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The dioxin from the garbage incineration is one of the serious environmental problems in recent years. As one of the dioxin preventive methods, there is a method using calcium hydroxide Ca (OH) ₂ reacting the chlorine in combustion exhaust gas from garbage incineration. In this method, the surface area of calcium hydroxide can be considered to play an important role. However, the formation mechanism of surface area in the calcium hydroxide powder generated by reaction from quicklime has not been sufficiently elucidated up to now. In this paper, the increase of surface area in the present method of direct mixing quicklime with alcohol is experimentally discussed.
As the result, the followings were concluded.
(1) The method using alcohol—water successive treatment proposed in this paper attains larger specific surface area of calcium hydroxide powder than that obtained from the conventional method reported in the previous paper of reacting quicklime with aqueous solution of alcohol.
(2) The alcohols with longer alkyl chain can be pointed out to be effective to increase specific surface area of calcium hydroxide powder.

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Cu-30mass%Zn alloys with various grain sizes were tensile tested under various strain rates from 3.3×10^-5s^-1 to 3.3×10^-3s^-1 and at temperatures from 523K to 773K. Elongation to fracture for fine-grained specimens shows high ductility and a maximum value in a range of intermediate temperature. The peak ductility increases with increasing in strain rate though it does not depend on the initial grain size. Type of the flow curves is controlled by the factors of temperature, strain rate and initial grain size. The flow curve of coase-grained specimens shows a serrated flow at lower temperatures and at higher strain rates while shows the work softening processes at other conditions. The flow curve of fine-grained specimens shows a typical flow behavior of dynamic recrystallization. It should be noted that these flow curves tend to change from a type having simple peak due to dynamic recrystallization to another type having multiple peaks with decreasing initial grain size and strain rate and/or with increasing temperature.
The values of stress exponent and apparent activation energy for deformation range from 3 to 5 and from 120 to 135KJ/mol, respectively. The main reason for this can be explained by a fact that the both mechanisms of dislocation glide and grain boundary sliding occur simultaneously.

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The characteristic points of MRAM are compared with those of DRAM, Flash memory, SRAM, and FeRAM. The differences in PSV-MRAM and MTJ-MRAM are discussed in terms of the directions of sense current, CIP or CPP, and connections of CMOS with MR elements.
An MRAM-type structure was accomplished with three layers of PSV element, NiFe soft layer (6nm) /Cu non-magnetic layer (3-6nm) /Co hard magnetic layer (4nm) on Si-wafer. Each PSV element of 80nm X 150nm was sandwiched by a sense line and a word line at the intersection of these lines. Furthermore, switching phenomena, which were observed in magnetic hysteresis loop by using PSV thin films, are also discussed along with the size limitation of PSV dots.

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