Following the start of the “Decade of Education for Sustainable Development (2005-2014, DESD)” in 2005, UNESCO, the lead agency for the decade, announced the DESD International Implementation Scheme (DESD-IIS) in October, 2005. In the DESD-IIS, “monitoring and evaluation” is one of seven implementation strategies which recommend the identification of suitable and relevant indicators. Accepting the DESD-IIS recommendation, various efforts are under way towards the development of DESD indicators centering on the European and Asia-Pacific regions. This research highlights the UNECE and IUCN-UNESCO's Development of DESD National Indicators' Regional Projects. It also aims to clarify each region projects' characteristics, and identify mechanisms conducive to future DESD monitoring and evaluation through comparison of the projects' (1) implementation overview, (2) implementation content, and (3) evaluation framework. Concerning evaluation frameworks, analysis was conducted using participatory evaluation concepts. Results from this study show commonalities in both projects such as project goals, duration of evaluation activities, evaluation points to be considered; at the same time, it also reveals large discrepancies in prerequisites, evaluation objectives, setting of indicators and implementation approach.

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  To solve environmental issues through education, we need an educational material that may turn people who are categorized as having positive attitudes and yet not in practice into people in practice. What kind of educational content would be effective in promoting environmentally conscious behavior? As a result of previous work, we found that the awareness of cost is the most influential factor for doing this. We hypothesize that an understanding of social dilemmas in educational material promotes the desired behavior. To test our hypothesis, we conducted an experiment to compare educational material with two kind of content: one related to the social dilemmas and the other related to enlightenment. The social dilemmas in educational material and the enlightenment educational material were found to improve the awareness of cost, and this awareness was found to make people in practice. In conclusion, the social dilemmas in educational material may help people understand the necessity of the awareness of cost, and this content may promote environmentally conscious behavior as well as that of the enlightenment educational material.

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  Developed experiential program of environmental education based on investigation of larval exuviae of Cicadidae, Hemiptera, Insecta, that were collected easily, was able to discuss the environment in school, turn of eclosion of each species of Cicadidae and promoted trees, weather and temperature for its eclosion.
  By the enforcement of this program, students were able to experience the continual observation of the creature. Also, students witnessed at the one of the regularities of the natural world from data of the continual observation and were able to get a strong sense of accomplishment by reporting them.

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