Streetcar suburbs are residential areas where the development was shaped along streetcar lines in the late 19th century in US. We have explored the image of streetcar suburbs at core cities in local area of Japan, and have examined how evaluate them in the concept of the suburbs through 10 case studies. We could categorize three types by two criteria(i.e. housing pressure caused by a population explosion, and the enforcement of town planning act). Typical streetcar suburbs in Japan had been formed at some cities with high-potential population based on not principle of urban planning but spontaneous.

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In this study, the Bangladeshis’ concentrated living situation and housing problem in public housing are invested to clarify the present condition and the subject of multicultural society in London Borough of Tower Hamlets and Kita-ku, Tokyo with the manpower movement to Britain and Japan from Bangladesh. As a result, it is clarified that the Bangladeshis who are moving for the purpose of settlement and work away from home are living concentrated by the relation of racial family line, sharing the information for low income earners or disadvantaged people, and utilizing local resources, such as housing benefits and services from local government.

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The purpose of this study is to examine and propose the land readjustment project to improve the urban residential area in urban reduction society. As a result, the local government accepts necessity in the project for regeneration of the urban residential area. However, there is difficulty in enforcement from the limit of finances. Therefore, the project reexamination has been a subject. Moreover, change of a life of the residents by the big scale project is also a problem. On the other hand, by this study, “neighborhood land readjustment project” based on a life and an environmental principle is proposed.

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This study discusses the formation of inhabitants' community at Fugen-sanraku, a summer retreat area in Nagano, on the following points; 1) the owners of villas had similar creative occupantions to form a community which has rich human relations, 2) the rules and events of that area have helped to manage its community, 3) occupants tend to stay their villas in the summer season intensively, 4) some happenings helped to make its community firmer organization accidentally, and 5) the minimal and open villa architecture helped it more communicative. This also introduces its architectural characteristics by the professional photographs.

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With regard to the actual situation of reconstruction of housing and rural village at Touge village in Noto Peninsula earthquake disaster area, we clarified these points; (1) Consciousness of sustainability for regional dwelling based on consciousness to sustain family and village, (2) Strong consciousness of housing reconstruction as dwelling base of an extended family, (3)Taking a serious view of response to the living culture on repaired and rebuilding houses. As a result, we clarified the living culture supported the reconstruction.

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Kamakurayama residential area was developed as a villa-area for the social elite in the early Showa era. The project aimed to simultaneously create a garden city and holiday area. In this study, we analyzed the development of this area into a resort and residential area, focusing on the sales strategy of creating a high-class image and the town’s management by the residents. However, sales of subdivision lots soon faced difficulties, but the will of the residents to achieve an ideal town resulted in the calm and unique living environment of Kamakurayama.

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Japanese traditional houses hold the characteristic features: façades are strongly connected to the interior space by traditional fittings, koshi or oodo etc. This study aims to discuss conformance between exterior preservation and interior improvement in the conservation of traditional houses based on the surveys in four preservation districts for the groups of historic buildings in Japan where model exterior preservation projects are implemented and the specific examples are extracted.

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We examine the changes of the functions of the residential space and the process in which the functions evolved or weeded out. Findings are as follows. As for work and study, we need to have a sense of self-control. We also need to maintain family relations through housework, hobbies and communications, and to review the way of life to meet the natural environment. As for residential space, flexibility and adaptability to fit the living activities are required. For our future lifestyle the above are necessary for us to live in the same neighborhood for a long time.

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In the situation that “Center-Living Room” type housing will become popular much more, planning condition is not suitable for residents. In spite of the concept that living room have to be multi-purpose as common space for family and Japanese traditional tatami-room is not so useful or additional space of living room, but actually in daily life residents have wanted for tatami-room and living room to segregate each other. Residents latent direction is not combine to living room but separate them. And we analyzed on co-efficiency of air-conditioning by simulation of temperature transfiguration. Energy load is generated by stair-way or void space in living room.

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In the case of this study, the various collective place (opportunity) were prepared by the community itself. This is one of unusual cases of “Collective Town” that enables the community as a inter-connective home in addition to provide various community works as a personal support. As understanding the process of “Collective Town” through those actors who accept a responsibility challenge and cut-and-try continuously, this study will improve as a clue to aiming sustainable community or reconstruction.

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The rooftop is an effective method in securing good outside environments in a high density city area. The architectural characteristics of a single house with the rooftop installed and the characteristics and significances of practical use of the rooftop, which contains its originalities such as width, height, sunshine, wind and isolation, have been solved. Possibility and validity of utilizing the rooftop of housing complex as common space have been also examined. It became clear that the rooftop is “the third place” which is utilized differently from the interior space of a house, and exterior space.

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A field measurement, wind tunnel experiments and numerical analysis have been carried out in order to clarify the optimal housing arrangement considering snow conditions in heavy snow regions. The field measurement using actual models indicates that characteristics of snow distribution on the residential area are strongly concerned with snowdrifts caused by a building complex and channel air flows among buildings. According to the wind tunnel experiments, snow conditions in the residential area are affected from snow heaps piled for snow removal and roof shapes. This result suggests the need to carefully determine the locations for piling removed snow at the block.

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To propose a measure for prevention of solitary death of elderly poor people, this study examines the housing and lifestyle situation of those who have housing and lifestyle problems， and the assistance method of rehabilitation facilities. In conclusion l) people who face serious problems after leaving facilities is increasing， and 2) although they tend to not express their housing needs there is a larger mismatch between their lifestyle and their housing than expected. Moreover the communal life style in the housing with sheared kitchen or bathroom is possibility for prevention of solitary death. For the solution of their housing mismatch problem an impartial observer such as a housing specialist is needed.

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This study aimed to examine the new concept of housing support services to elderly people for covering the gap between housing sector and welfare sector. We investigated the existence and the actual situation of these gaps by hearing surveys on some leading cases of housing support and a nationwide questionnaire survey for senior housings. Based on these qualitative and quantitative analyses, we proposed project models to provide proper aid efficient housing supports approaching f}om housing management service and care insurance system.

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本研究では，障碍児者施設の生活環境への評価や都市環境への評価，生活・活動様態の分析を通して，障碍児者がとも に暮らす場の構築にむけての考察を行った。その結果，障碍の別によらない生活の場としては，障碍属性により求められる生活環境の相違や職員の支援内容の相違から，場所や空間をわけることの有効性を指摘した。また，都市環境については充分に整備されておらず，早急に解決すべき課題であることがわかった。さらに,障碍児の生活の一端を担う就学前通園施設において，様々な障碍のあるこどもが活動する場を構築する際，障碍程度や属性にあわせた居心地の構成要素を取り入れることも重要であると推察できた。

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In this study, we evaluated water quality in roof runoff and harvested rain waters to assess potentials of rain water utilization and reduction of CO2 emissions. While pathogens such as noroviruses (GI, GII) and cryptosporidium were not detected from all the rain waters, some waters were contaminated by NO3, possibly owing to bird feces. NO3 concentrations in roof runoff rapidly decreased with runoff volume, showing elimination of 0.8mm of initial runoff is useful to improve the harvested rain water quality. The use of harvested rain water as toilet flushing and sprinkling to housing walls can effectively reduce CO2 emissions.

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Recently, the damage of drywood termites Incisitermes minor has been extending in Japan. It is difficult to detect the damages by drywood termites, because they infest the wooden construction members and furniture. The damages of wooden constructions were investigated to find the degree, location and progression route of damages, two apparatus were applied for non-destructive detection of termite attack and the relationships between the degree of damage and the surviving strength were also discussed. It was revealed that the wooden constructions were invaded by alate from outside and were damaged intensely. It was also found that the surviving strength of the damaged wood decreased with increasing the degree of damage.

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To propose sustainable water circulation in a domestic environment, this study aims to develop a method to deliver typologies from historical water systems. Four water systems in Japan were analyzed by physical form, by use and maintenance, by water quality and by their transition. The analysis revealed some important findings: multiplied sources and drainages, decentralized water use by physical form, the return of drained water in a short distance to natural water circulation, and important roles of inhabitants. These findings deliver typologies“cascade use”and“repetitive use”, and they show the applicability of the proposed scheme.

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This paper deals with traditional skill of Japanese carpenters. Since there is almost no research on carpenters’ skills, we decided to study the localization of the traditional carpenters skills and building construction on residential housing. The use of this system as the basis of construction resulted in highly developed and precise techniques. Since the mechanism is not solved, we provided detailed measurement information on the mechanisms of the skill.These measurements should be taken as a rationality of traditional skill.

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We conducted aluminum flooring and wall heating experiments in order to apply to the boiling water-cooling system to aluminum alloy construction. The experiment results suggested the endothermic heat flux estimation formula of the flooring and wall with a steam pressure reducing valve. We verified the possibility of imparting fireproof to aluminum alloy by the analysis under the standard heating temperature curve ISO834. We have designed the joint part which has fireproof capacity by studying the heat transfer characteristic in the joint. We can build more large-scale aluminum structure with various applications.

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In this study, we propose the formula to estimate the maximum response of wooden buildings for pulse-like ground motions, which is idealized as a sinusoidal pulse, by response spectra method. The accuracy of the approximation by a sinusoidal pulse is examined, compared with the observed record of recent inland shallow earthquakes. The accuracy of the formula is examined, compared with the result of dynamic time history response analysis and shaking table tests. In addition, the required seismic performance of wooden buildings for a sinusoidal pulse is examined.

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The aim of our study is to make a ‘statement of assets’of social research on housing in postwar Japan. In so doing, we referred to the development of‘sociology of housing’in English-speaking countries. We found that Japanese sociologists had shared common issues with contemporary housing studies, but that research findings had not been connected organically with each other. Then, we acknowledged that the database construction was an effectual measure to recognize the potentiality of existing research and to identify future research agenda.

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This paper discusses the changes of housings under depopulation, family decline and city shrinking. In Japan the depopulation hardly leads to the compact city because of the outbreak of empty houses. On the other hand the budget crisis of the government needs the new style of co-help and co-living. Based on these backgrounds, the 4 types of dwelling style are proposed-traditional village, inner-city, green rural and compact suburb-, introducing the possible ways to realize or revitalize these 4 types in order to overcome the shrinking society.

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There are close relationship between the compact city and the downtown residence. So some local government aspire “Smart Shrinking” without the vision of the suburban residence. The compact city has an alternative of residence for the life stage in whole city and we cannot prepare an alternative by the move of residence from suburban residence to downtown. We must scramble the schema of housing preference with life stage and the inhabitant must manage to the community. So we can argue the sustainability of suburban residence and the compact city.

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In this paper I consider the ideal state of housing in Japan's shrinking cities from the viewpoint of residential ownership. Concerning detached houses, once one considers abandonment as a form of exercising the right to ownership, it seems necessary to elucidate effective methods of urban rege-neration in society as a whole. With respect to apartment ownership, a review of foreign legislations shows that the most pressing issue for Japan is preventing abandonment of apartments through continuous maintenance and care. It is also necessary to enable management associations to make collective decisions, in regards to not only reconstructions but also terminations.

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Proximity of workplaces to dwelling places as well as establishment of town-cores (town-nodes) along railway network makes residential suburbs sustainable. The central district of new towns and the downtowns of old satellite cities have the potential to become town-nodes. For obtaining work-life balance, the function of appropriate scale commerce, business, culture and welfare should be supplied in these cores. The area management of residential suburbs must be a thing including this perspective.

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