Clinical signs and blood examinations were studied with Enflurane and Halothane anesthesia in hepatic insufficiency cases. Fifteen hepatic insufficiency dogs were prepared with the administration of carbon tetrachloride. Three groups, GOE group, GOF group and control group were examined. We anesthetized dogs at forth day after giving carbon tetrachloride and carried out blood examinations for 10 days.
There were significant differences between GOE and GOF considering induction, recovery and the time of walking. GOE was much faster than GOF. Especially, recovery time was much different. Temperature was decreased with GOE and GOF. However, recovery with GOE was better than GOF. Heart rate was kept at higher level in GOE and GOF. Mean arterial pressure was decreased in GOE and GOF. Respiration rate with GOE was much slower than GOF. Carbon tetrachloride affected on GOT, GPT and AlP in hepatic insuffi-ciency dogs. However, we could not identify the influences on liver functions by Enflurane and Halothane inhalation anesthesia.
As a result, Enflurane anesthesia may be a good method for hepatic insufficiency dogs. However, the differences between both anethesias on the liver functions were not clear through this experiment.

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Effects of 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) and yohimbine on arterial pH, Pa_O2, Pa_CO2, HCO₃^-, base excess, and blood glucose were examined in xylazine-ketamine anesthesized beagles. Each group received the following drugs intravenously 10 minutes after intramuscular injection with ketamine (15 mg/kg) . The drugs used were ; group A (control) : Physiological saline, group B : 4-AP (0.3 mg/kg), group C : Yohimbine (0.125 mg/kg), and group D : A combination of 4-AP (0.3 mg/kg) and yohimbine (0.125 mg/kg) . Arterial pH and Pa_O2 decreased significantly in all groups after the injection of ketamine, and recovery to normal was slow in groups A and B, while it was rapid in groups C and D. Conversely, Pa_CO2 increased markedly by the anesthesia in all groups. The recovery in groups A and B was slow and was rapid in groups C and D. Changes in HCO₃^- and base excess were negligible in the experimental course of all groups. Blood glucose levels in groups A and B increased significantly, however, the increase in groups C and D was small. Respiratory rates and minute volume decreased markedly after the injection of ketamine, with the slow recovery in groups A and B, and rapid recovery in groups C and D. Heart rates decreased in all groups after the injection of xylazine, and increased after injection of ketamine. The heart rates decreased slowly in groups A and B, but increased in groups C and D through awakening. Recovery time for pedal, righting, laryngeal and palpebral reflexes was significantly short in groups C and D compared to group A. Arousal time was also short in groups C and D as compared to that in group A, with of 43% and 40% respectively. In conclusion, intravenous injection of the 4-AP+yohimbine mixture to dogs with xylazine-ketamine anesthesia was rapid in action and was thought to be safe and effective.

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Experiments were performed to investigate the effects of inhalation induction in dogs. The combination is preceded by administration of 0.025 mg/kg of atropine sulfate subcutaneously. The dosage is 0.1 mg/kg of flunitrazepam and 5 mg/kg of ketamine, administered intravenously mixed in one syringe. The results were as follows :
1. Jaw reflex and auricular reflex were cd not disappear completely but intubation was performed easily. 2. Decrease of arterial blood pressure was controlled in comparison with flunitrazepam administration alone.
3. Less obvious changes in electrocardiogram were found in it.
4. Immediately after administration, respiration rate and arterial oxygen tension were slightly decrease, therefor using it, in advance anesthesia, great care and inhalation oxygen must be taken.
5. The above : It was suggested that flunitrazepam and ketamine administered intravenously mixed injection were useful means.

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Unilateral nephrectomy was performed on a three year old female Miniature Schnauzer which developed perirenal abscess after the traffic accident happened one month before the surgery. The dog was premedicated with atropine, droperidol and dexamethasone and anesthetized with ketamine. General anesthesia was maintained with GOF. Surgically removed abscess including a kidney adhered to the peritoneum and surrounding organs. The dog is still alive seven months after the successful recovery from the surgery.

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In order to reevaluate anesthetic induction in rabbits used in pharmacological experiments, the anesthetics effects of urethane and phenobarbital were studied and compared.
1) A pharmacological experiment examining biological phenomena in JW-NIBS rabbits, which included blood pressure monitoring, demonstrated the suitability of urethane anesthesia. An intravenous injection of 1, 800 mg/kg of urethane (30% solution) at a rate of 1 ml/min, ensured relatively stable measurements in experiments of two hours duration or less. On the other hand, when phenobarbital was used as the anesthetic, the biological phenomena in the rabbits were significantly decreased.
2) Urethane-induced anesthesia of adult JW-NIBS rabbits demonstrated no sex or age differences in the parameters of blood pressure, heart rate or respiratory rate.
3) The blood pressure variation between JW-NIBS and JW rabbits under urethane anesthesia did not exhibit the inbreeding difference that was expected between them.

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