A comparison of the effects of inhalation anesthesia with enflurane and halothane was studied. Clinical findings and blood examinations were recorded in the 13 healty dogs (8 of the 13 dogs anesthetized by enflurane, 5 of the 13 dogs by halothane) . The anesthetic procedures were as follows; the premedication with atropine sulfate (0.025 mg/kg, I.M. or S.C.) ; the induction by mask inhalation of the stepwisely increased agents in concentration with the carrier gas (25% O₂, 75% N₂O) ; and the maintenance with 1.0 to 3.0% enflurane or halothane with the same carrier gas. The period of anesthesia was 120 minutes.
There were no significant changes on the clinical findings during the anesthesia except that the mild depression of the mean arterial pressure and that mildly decreased resiratory rate in enflurane anesthesia.
The results of the blood examinations carried out daily for 10 days after the anesthesia showed slight increases of GOT, GPT and AlP values in the dogs with halothane anesthesia, whereas little changes of the values were observed in the dogs with enflurane anesthesia.

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This study evaluated a new method to use 0.1% Ketamine Hydrochloride solution as an ideal approach to anesthesia for small animals. The Ketamine HCL was used primarily as an analgesic rather than as an anesthetic agent. In this report we present the data from both our experimental study of 22 cases and clinical study of 1455 patients anesthetized with 0.1% Ketamine HCL by intravenous“Micro-Mini”drip administration technique. For the experimental study, 20 dogs and 2 cats were used. They were examined the general clinical symptoms and hemo-dynamics during the anesthesia.
Among the 1455 patients of clinical study, the 1051 were dogs and the 404 were cats. Of the dogs, 491 were males and 560 were females. The average body weight was 9.59 kg. AS for the cats, the 144 were males and 260 were females. The average body weight was 3.28 kg. All of them were also anesthetized with the same method as the experimental study. The general symptoms, duration of anesthetic time and the dose of Ketamine HCL were carefully observed. This anesthetic method was applied to various surgical procedures. Both the experimental and the clinical studies showed an eminently desirable results. In case of the clinical application of 1051 dogs, the anesthetic average time was 64 minutes. The average does of ketamine HCL was 6.01 mg per kg (SD±4.638), 6.07 mg per kg per hour (SD±4.76) .
In clinical case of 404 cats, the anesthetic average time was 55 minutes. The average dose of Katamine HCL was 9.21 mg per kg (SD±5.05), 11.16 mg per kg per hour (SD±6.19) . The total dose of Ketamine HCL was extremely less compared with the former Ketamine intramuscular administration method, especially for the high risked patients. In case of the patients applied with the combination use of Ketamine HCL and relaxant, the total dose of Ketamine could be reduced remarkably.

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The effects of yohimbine (YO) and 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) on the anesthesia induced by xylazine and ketamine were studied in cats. Three groups of cats were given intramuscular (IM) injection of a mixture of xylazine (2 mg/kg) and ketamine (15 mg/kg) 10 minutes followed on atropine (0.05 mg/kg) LM. On 15 minutes interval cats, in group 1) (control) were given IM injection of saline solution (0.5 ml/kg) . Cats in group 2) were given a mixture of YO (0.3 mg/kg) and 4-AP (0.5 mg/kg) by intravenous injection. Cats in group 3) were given a mixture of YO (0.3 mg/kg) and 4-AP (0.5 mg/kg) IM.
Mean time to pedal reflex (MPT), mean time to arousal sign (MAT), mean time to head-up (MHT), mean time to walk (MWT) and mean time to normal walk (MNT) after YO and 4-AP injection in group 1) were 55. 0, 85. 8, 94. 8, 112.0 and 216.0 minutes, respectively. In group 2) and group 3), MPT was shortened to 3.4 and 18.4 minutes, MAT was shortened to 5.7 and 27.0 minutes, MHT was shortened to 12.2 and 29.8 minutes, MWT was shortened to 45.2 and 44.8 minutes, and MNT was shortened to 107.8 and 96.4 minutes, respectively, compared with group 1) . MPT, MAT and MHT in group 3) were significantly longer than those in group 2) . But, the differences in MWT and MNT between group 2) and 3) were not significant. In both groups 2) and 3), catalepsy was observed during recovery from anesthesia. Relapses to unconsciousness did not occur.
In both groups 2) and 3), the combination of YO and 4-AP reversed the decrease in heart rates, respiratory rates and body temperature elicited by xylazine and ketamine.
The results indicated that the combination of YO and 4-AP can be clinically used as a safe and effective antagonist of xylazine-ketamine anesthesia in cats.

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A female Japanese domestic cat aged 10 months old which showed frequent regurgitation immediately after eating and drinking was diagnosed as a esophageal stricture at the level of 1st to 4th rib radiographically. Since these signs developed after the surgery of panhysterectomy under xylazine-ketamine anesthesia, esophagitis after the anesthesia was suggested to be the caused of the stricture formation. The dilatation of the esophagus was tried using various sizes of catheters but was not neccessarily successful.
Necropsy after euthanasia demonstrated the thinning of the epithelium and infiltration of neutrophils and the proliferation of fibrous connective tissue in the submucosal layer at the strictured site.

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