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Takeshi MORI
Article type: Article
1977 Volume 22 Issue 4 Pages
189-200
Published: December 15, 1977
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Igneous petrologists realize the difficulty in giving a meaningful definition to the calcalkaline andesite, yet emphasize its importance in the development of orogenic belts. The difficulty may indicate that the andesite which we treat in the lump, has in reality more than two geneses. In this paper the author tries to find out andesite localities where certain hypothesis on the genesis is convincingly applicable, and also tries to understand mechanisms operating in nature to produce andesites. Fractionation of basaltic magma is controlled mainly by amphibole cryatallization: The Oshima-Oshima island, off the coast of Hokkaido, is a stratovolcano which is composed of 70% alkali olivine basalt and 30% calcalkaline andesite. The andesite bears ultramafic and mafic nodules (dunite, gabbro, clinopyroxenite, hornblendite). Hornblend is an essential phase in all these rocks. A brief petrographic study has revealed that they are of cognate origin to the Oshima-0shima basalt and andesite. The same phases as the nodule constituents can commonly be observed as phenocrysts in the lavas. The Rayleigh distillation law, applied to these basalt and andesite, yields partition coeffcients of elements between magma and unidentified mineral precipitate. Comparison of these coefficients with the compiled data for various mineral/magma pairs indicates amphibole as a major cause for the fractionation of the magmas. As expectedly, the
87Sr/
86Sr ratio is constant at 0.703 for the basalt and andesite, and the
18o/
16o ratio slightly increases as magmas fractionate. All the evidence shows that the alkali olivine basalt fractionated to produce the calcalkaline andesite, and that the nodules were the complementary precipitate.
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Sadao MATSUO, Minoru KUSAKABE, Hitoshi CHIBA, Hisao USHIKI, Joyo OSSAK ...
Article type: Article
1977 Volume 22 Issue 4 Pages
201-220
Published: December 15, 1977
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Emergent studies on some water and ash samples collected immediately after the August 7,1977 eruption of Usu volcano have been made by a joint group of geochemists. This paper reports a part of the results obtained for the samples collected in August and September. The items measured were temperature, pH, major and minor dissolved chemical components including radon, hydrogen and oxygen isotope ratios for ground water, thermal water around the Usu volcano and fumarolic condensates of the Showashinzan, the adjacent newer volcano to the Usu, chemical and mineral composition of ash including its soluble components. Through a short period of observation, we could not find any significant change in chemical and isotopic compositions of a variety of waters after the eruption. However, a rough idea of hydrothermal and hydrological situation around the Usu volcano has been obtained. In this comection, we set standing stations for water sampling and the observation through these stations has been still continued. Ash fall contained montmorillonite and chlorite. This fact indicates that clay minerals formed beneath the crater during the dormant period was expelled together with pumice originated from the fresh magma pertinent to this eruption. When the chemical composition of the water-soluble components of the ash is also taken into consideration, temperature of the coexisting gas phase with ash is suggested to be fairly high.
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Kazuchika HAMURO
Article type: Letter
1977 Volume 22 Issue 4 Pages
277-278
Published: December 15, 1977
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K Katsui, K Niida, I Yokoyama, H Yamashita, H Watanabe, H Okada, H Ohs ...
Article type: Abstract
1977 Volume 22 Issue 4 Pages
279-280
Published: December 15, 1977
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Y Kondo, R Kondo, Y Katsui
Article type: Abstract
1977 Volume 22 Issue 4 Pages
280-281
Published: December 15, 1977
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O Oshima
Article type: Abstract
1977 Volume 22 Issue 4 Pages
281-
Published: December 15, 1977
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J Ossaka, J Hirabayashi, T Ozawa, T Hayashi
Article type: Abstract
1977 Volume 22 Issue 4 Pages
281-282
Published: December 15, 1977
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S Matsuo, M Kusakabe, H Ushiki, H Chiba, N Suzuki, T Abiko
Article type: Abstract
1977 Volume 22 Issue 4 Pages
282-
Published: December 15, 1977
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K Notsu, N Fujii, T Abiko
Article type: Abstract
1977 Volume 22 Issue 4 Pages
282-283
Published: December 15, 1977
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K Sato, J Sato, S Aramaki, H Kanaya
Article type: Abstract
1977 Volume 22 Issue 4 Pages
283-
Published: December 15, 1977
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Y Mizutani, O Sugiura
Article type: Abstract
1977 Volume 22 Issue 4 Pages
283-
Published: December 15, 1977
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O Ujike, K Ono
Article type: Abstract
1977 Volume 22 Issue 4 Pages
283-284
Published: December 15, 1977
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K Ono, T Soya, T Hosono, Y Okuda, F Murakami, Y Kinoshita, M Yuasa, J ...
Article type: Abstract
1977 Volume 22 Issue 4 Pages
284-
Published: December 15, 1977
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S Ehara, K Yuhara
Article type: Abstract
1977 Volume 22 Issue 4 Pages
284-285
Published: December 15, 1977
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M Kamada, K Ota
Article type: Abstract
1977 Volume 22 Issue 4 Pages
285-
Published: December 15, 1977
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H Murayama, H Nakamura
Article type: Abstract
1977 Volume 22 Issue 4 Pages
285-
Published: December 15, 1977
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S Nakada
Article type: Abstract
1977 Volume 22 Issue 4 Pages
285-286
Published: December 15, 1977
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M Okaguchi
Article type: Abstract
1977 Volume 22 Issue 4 Pages
286-
Published: December 15, 1977
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K Watanabe
Article type: Abstract
1977 Volume 22 Issue 4 Pages
286-287
Published: December 15, 1977
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T Tohara
Article type: Abstract
1977 Volume 22 Issue 4 Pages
287-
Published: December 15, 1977
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K Sato, T Takahashi
Article type: Abstract
1977 Volume 22 Issue 4 Pages
287-288
Published: December 15, 1977
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Y Fujita, T Nomura, H Yonemichi
Article type: Abstract
1977 Volume 22 Issue 4 Pages
288-
Published: December 15, 1977
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H Sato
Article type: Abstract
1977 Volume 22 Issue 4 Pages
288-289
Published: December 15, 1977
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T Kumagai, H Takahashi, N Oyagi
Article type: Abstract
1977 Volume 22 Issue 4 Pages
289-
Published: December 15, 1977
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J Ossaka, J Hirabayashi, T Ozawa, K Kimijima, I Minato
Article type: Abstract
1977 Volume 22 Issue 4 Pages
289-
Published: December 15, 1977
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N Isshiki
Article type: Abstract
1977 Volume 22 Issue 4 Pages
290-
Published: December 15, 1977
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T Katsura, R Aoyagi
Article type: Abstract
1977 Volume 22 Issue 4 Pages
290-
Published: December 15, 1977
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T Kobayashi, N Takagi, T Fujii
Article type: Abstract
1977 Volume 22 Issue 4 Pages
290-291
Published: December 15, 1977
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M Sekioka, Y Ito, T Saito, K Takahashi, M Oba
Article type: Abstract
1977 Volume 22 Issue 4 Pages
291-
Published: December 15, 1977
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Y Sawada
Article type: Abstract
1977 Volume 22 Issue 4 Pages
291-292
Published: December 15, 1977
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M Miyachi, Y Karakida
Article type: Abstract
1977 Volume 22 Issue 4 Pages
292-
Published: December 15, 1977
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T Kagiyama
Article type: Abstract
1977 Volume 22 Issue 4 Pages
292-293
Published: December 15, 1977
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K Kodama
Article type: Abstract
1977 Volume 22 Issue 4 Pages
293-
Published: December 15, 1977
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I Kaneoka, N Takaoka, K Aoki
Article type: Abstract
1977 Volume 22 Issue 4 Pages
293-
Published: December 15, 1977
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N Nakamura
Article type: Abstract
1977 Volume 22 Issue 4 Pages
293-294
Published: December 15, 1977
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M Nakamura
Article type: Abstract
1977 Volume 22 Issue 4 Pages
294-
Published: December 15, 1977
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Y Ikeda
Article type: Abstract
1977 Volume 22 Issue 4 Pages
294-295
Published: December 15, 1977
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Y Tanaka, H Jingu
Article type: Abstract
1977 Volume 22 Issue 4 Pages
295-
Published: December 15, 1977
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T Hasenaka
Article type: Abstract
1977 Volume 22 Issue 4 Pages
295-296
Published: December 15, 1977
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k Nakano, S Sasaki
Article type: Abstract
1977 Volume 22 Issue 4 Pages
296-
Published: December 15, 1977
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E Takahashi
Article type: Abstract
1977 Volume 22 Issue 4 Pages
296-297
Published: December 15, 1977
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E Takahashi
Article type: Abstract
1977 Volume 22 Issue 4 Pages
297-
Published: December 15, 1977
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S Ando, K Sato, M Takanohashi, S Saito, Y Chiba, N Doi
Article type: Abstract
1977 Volume 22 Issue 4 Pages
297-298
Published: December 15, 1977
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