An approach to solve the problem of the edge birefringence phenomenon is given. By using the theory of birefringence introduced by Bragg, the nature of the edge birefringence is clarified. The conclusion is that the edge of an isotropic material is not isotropic but anisotropic, and this fact explains the phenomenon of the edge birefringence.

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In a single-vidicon color-television camera system using a striped dichroic filter, an optical low-pass filter plays an important role in eliminating spurious signals and is required to have the different and appropriate low-pass characteristics for blue, red and green light in order that the image may be sharp.
The image-forming properties and their wave-length dependence are given of the phase-noise filter of binary-phase type and further that of multi-phase type, and it is shown that the latter, if well designed, fulfils the above requirements. The experiment and its results are also described.

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Point images or point spread functions of an optical system can be simulatively constructed from a computer-generated hologram. To obtain such a desired hologram, wave aberration in the exit pupil is first calculated by means of ray tracing and encoded in a binary hologram on a large scale map, which is then reduced photographically. Images with the aberration and with that of multiple amounts are simultaneously constructed from the hologram. Moreover, the effects of defocusing and stopping down on image quality can be observed from the same hologram. In this paper, coma images and defocused point images both constructed from the holograms are presented.

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Recently, some papers on moire contouring using equispaced line grating were presented. In this technique, sensitivity of the equipment can be easily adjusted by altering an azimuth of the grating in its plane. But, determination of the azimuth is not easy. A technique using a crossed line grating instead of the grating in the previous method is shown in this paper.
By using the crossed line grating, we can make easy to determine its azimuth. Moreover, we can get two similar moire families but different density by adjusting the azimuth. These moire families simplify the fringe counting of a contour map.

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