We apply AHP to decision makings in text-based communications. We compose a simple model of communications and see whether the results of AHP are as expected.

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Gozan (五山) poetries quoted phrases when he made poetries. Gozan (五山) literary work had a relationship with the Song (宋) literature. Song (宋) literary theories have a quotation from previous generation openly, and Song (宋) poetries have form which is made form one phrase directly. So Gozan (五山) poetries have famous phrases of Chinese poetries.

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We analyze the simple mo del of Yamanotesen-Game we studied in the previous paper using metho ds of cooperative game theory. We compse coalitional form games with two players and three players and see their cores and Shapley values.

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We adopt some asymmetries to our communication models to compose two extended models. In the first one, we assume the numbers of the vocabularies of the players are different. In the secont one, we assume that players select different numbers of words. We also compose extended versions of coalitional form games in the previous paper with these models.

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The aim of this paper is to ascertain the influence on Minkei-ki (民経記) of Wakanrouei-shu (和漢朗詠集). Wakanroueishu, an anthology of Japanese and Chinese poetry, is edited by Fujiwara-no-kintou (藤原公任) in the middle period of the Heian era, and Minkei-ki, a old diary, is recorded by Fujiwara-no-tsunemitsu (藤原経光). Wakanrouei-shu (和漢朗詠集) has a great influence on not only in Japanese poetries but also in many literary works especially in Kamakura era. When he wrote his diary he sometimes used many words of Wakanrouei-shu (和漢朗詠集). This phenomenon projects is more salient than in any other works.

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Several bacteria in the ambient surroundings were examined for biological removal of hydrogen sulifide. Dry pig feces was shown to be a good source of the bacteria removing hydrogen sulfide. The bacteria were cultivated in the presence of hydrogen sulfide, and then the capability of removing hydrogen sulfide was examined with apparatuses of aerating process and scrubber process. The aerating process showed a good result that about 13 ppm of hydrogen sulfide was almost completely removed at the flow rate of 940 mLmin^-1. At higher flow rate, the removal efficiency decreased. The scrubber process did not work well. The gas-liquid contact time was supposed to be the main reason of the low efficiency. In the aerating process, long time operation resulted in the decrease in the removal efficiency with the decrease in the amount of bacteria. Addition of nutrient recovered the efficiency as well as the amount of living bacteria. Thus, the bacteria removing hydrogen sulfide ware heterotrophic. Complete isolation of the bacteria has not been succeeded. Two types of bacterium were observed even after repeated streak on nutrient broth agar media. One of those was Gram-negative bacillus (0.4μm ×1.3μm) and the other was Gram-negative cocuss (0.4μm).

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The author made a light-source device with blue LEDs. Although the device is cheap and simple it is enough to investigate photocatalyst properties of visible-light-driven photocatalysts. Moreover, preparation and diffuse reflection spectrum measurements of metal-sulfide photocatalysts AgInS2-ZnS were carried out. The desired solid solutions (AgIn)xZn2(1-x)S2 between AgInS2 and ZnS with wurtzite structure could be prepared as single-phase materials. The diffuse reflection spectra for these solid solutions indicate they may be suitable for photocatalysts with visible-light response. These solid solutions showed photocatalytic activities for H2 evolution from aqueous solutions containing sacrificial reagents SO32- under visible-light irradiation with blue LEDs.

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The present paper deals with the change of the systems for the engineering education in the Japanese higher learning. Since the establishment of the Meiji Government in 1868 Japan has started to organize the modern school systems for the primary, the secondary, and the higher education. It was of special importance for the government at that time to establish universities of high standard of teaching and research in the fields of engineering since the nation had to make a solid foundation for its industrialization in order to follow and then to compete with the western countries. The Kobu Daigakko (The Imperial College of Engineering) was founded in 1873 (then called Kobu Ryo) as the nation’s first institution to train and provide higher engineers who would work for the public enterprise such as in telecommunications, railways, shipbuilding, and steel manufacturing. After the foundation of the technical college of the Imperial University in 1896 as a school of engineering of graduate level, by the merge of the Kobu Daigakko with the then existed faculty of engineering of the University of Tokyo, the Japanese government has made every effort to establish engineering colleges of undergraduate level nationwide that later became the higher technical schools. As a consequence, the engineering education had mostly been performed in the several imperial universities and the many higher technical schools until the drastic educational reform after World War II, which has led to the foundation of the undergraduate colleges and their graduate schools in a single-track educational system. Then, the system of the Kosen, the Colleges of Technology, was established in 1962, as modeled on the higher technical schools above, which is now the sole undergraduate engineering institution for students at the age of 15-20. The Kosen is a unique engineering institution, offering a continuous five-year engineering education that combines the system of secondary education and that of higher education. At present, Japan has a double-track system for engineering education with the sector of the Universities (undergraduate) and that of the Kosen (Colleges of Technology.) Now is the age of graduate school. Then, the undergraduate engineering education would become much more important in future than it is now and than it used to be.

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The aim of this paper is to ascertain the influence on Shoin-shigo (松陰私語) of Jyougan-seiyou (貞観政要). Jyougan-seiyou (貞観政要) is a politic book which was recorded words and actins about King Taejong (太宗) by Wu Ching (呉兢). And it is include candid advices from Wei Zheng (魏徴) to King Taejong (太宗). Wei Zheng (魏徴) advised loyalty to King Taejong (太宗), so Jyougan-seiyou (貞観政要) had be quoted by many books in Japan especially in middle ages. Shoin (松陰) also quoted from it when he had written to Shoin-shigo (松陰私語). But this element is more salient than in any other works.

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This paper describes an approach to TOEIC test preparation in which students were placed ‘in-context’ to undertake a variety of tasks. The article argues that, for students with no previous ‘business’ context experience, an approach allowing students to experience simulated contexts from the TOEIC test might best foster related scripts and schemata. Drawing upon the idea of possible selves, such an approach might assist students to form clearer visions of their future English-using self. This study outlines the story-based approach to classes, reports learners’ opinions of the course and changes to notions of ‘English.’ Elicited student opinions showed perception of a number of motivating qualities of activities, benefits for TOEIC preparation, and a refined vision of a future English-using self.

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This paper analyzes the problems of the female body and femininity, and then investigates the interplay of clothing, the body, and gender/sexuality, by elucidating the meaning of the handkerchief as represented in William Shakespeare’s Othello. In early modern England, the handkerchief generated new concepts of cleanliness on the basis of which the female body was redefined. The normative female body was redefined as enclosed, that is, hortus conclusus---or "enclosed garden." But, driven by male anxieties, it was also conceptualized as a leaky vessel. These are the contexts that take on great importance when Othello gives Desdemona a handkerchief. Losing the handkerchief, Desdemona’s body becomes the object of Othello’s suspicion. Her body, in the eyes of Othello, is transformed from an enclosed garden into a leaky vessel. It is thus revealed as grotesque and sexual.
Caught in his own male anxiety, Othello fixates on the handkerchief and its meaning, transforming it into a fetish. What Othello makes clear is that the female body and, by extension, femininity are nothing but a fetish and its effects. In other words, Desdemona’s female body is prosthetically reproduced through fixation upon a single article of clothing added to the body, that is, the handkerchief.
Although the handkerchief is a mere prosthetic addition, it tragically reconstitutes the whole meaning of Desdemona’s identity through a process of fetishizing. But Emilia, Iago’s wife, resists Othello’s appropriation of the interpretation of the handkerchief.
In Othello, the gendered/sexualized body is produced through the interplay of clothing and the body, but its meaning is unstable and uncertain. This uncertainty is emphasized by the fact that, on the English Renaissance stage, boy actors played women’s roles.

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