Diabetic foot is one of the hallmarks of diabetes-related complications. In the last decade, numerous new treatment methods for diabetic foot have emerged, and current research studies are focusing on effective management of diabetic foot. This scientific review describes the impact of infection on the wound healing process, the crucial role of debridement in ensuring favorable outcomes with different treatment strategies, and practical guidelines for the diagnosis and clinical management of diabetic foot. Because wound infection and peripheral artery disease are key contributors to the risk of amputation, this review also discusses the diagnosis and management of these conditions. In addition, current controversies in the treatment of diabetic osteomyelitis are addressed. These essential discussions bring together relevant information on recent major strides made in the management of diabetic foot that caregivers need to know. A combination of the evidence-based therapies described here and emerging novel technologies may help keep diabetic patients infection free and ulcer free for a longer time than current treatment modalities.

Four topics about cutaneous epithelial cysts and tumors are summarized in this article. The first topic is infundibular cysts with characteristic papillary projections, which we first reported in 2006 as trichoblastic infundibular cysts. In our recent article, we described that the observed characteristic projections do not differentiate towards follicular germinative cells; therefore, we propose to rename this lesion. The second is tubulopapillary cystic adenoma with apocrine differentiation as a unifying concept for syringocystadenoma papilliferum, tubular adenoma, and apocrine gland cysts, which we first proposed in 2016. We demonstrated that these three tumors are composed of the same components with differing architecture by summarizing clinicopathological data from over 300 cases. The clinicopathological findings of this entity are summarized in this article. The third is a new classification of cutaneous sebaceous neoplasms, including sebaceous borderline neoplasms (low-grade sebaceous carcinoma). The former classification of sebaceous neoplasms included sebaceous adenoma, sebaceoma, sebaceous epithelioma, and ocular and extraocular sebaceous carcinoma. The newly proposed classification of sebaceous tumors has 3 categories: sebaceoma (a benign neoplasm with well-defined architecture and no atypia of neoplastic cells), sebaceous borderline neoplasm (low-grade sebaceous carcinoma; a tumor of intermediate malignancy with well-defined architecture and nuclear atypia), and sebaceous carcinoma (a malignant tumor that exhibits invasive growth and notable nuclear atypia). The last is in situ lesions of sebaceous carcinoma. Of note, there are two types of in situ extraocular sebaceous carcinoma: one is a malignant tumor with sebaceous differentiation that is limited to the epidermis and/or adnexal epithelium, whereas the other originates from squamous cell carcinoma in situ, including actinic keratosis and Bowen's disease, as we previously reported.

A 44-year-old man was referred to our hospital for further examination of a right abdominal tumor found on computed tomography (CT) after he complained of light abdominal pain. Contrast enhanced abdominal CT and magnetic resonance imaging revealed a multi-locular cystic mass in the mesenteric region of the ascending colon. This was diagnosed as a mesenteric cyst, and laparoscopic surgery was scheduled. Laparoscopic examination confirmed a transparent yellow multi-cystic tumor leading to the ascending colon. Laparoscopic right hemicolectomy was performed without rupturing the cyst, and a histopathological diagnosis of mesenteric lymphangioma of the ascending colon was made. After an uneventful postoperative course, the patient was discharged on the 7th postoperative day; there has been no recurrence since. It is important to remove mesenteric cysts without rupturing them or leaving any residual tissue. To the best of our knowledge, however, no resections of mesenteric lymphangiomas of the ascending colon in adults have been reported in the Japanese literature. Herein, we discuss previous studies and report the outcome in our patient.