Advanced C-type methods were proposed here by making for trial and proving applicability for evaluating duarability against environment and stress degradation of polymeric materials. One of such apparatus is named by “New C-type Apparatus for evaluating environment and stress degradation” made by improving “C-type Apparatus.” Other one is “C-type Creep Apparatus” based on “C-type Apparatus.” Both apparatus were proved to be applicable for evaluating duarability of plastics against environment and stress degradation by experiments.

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Dehydrochlorination of poly (vinyl chloride) (PVC) in the presence of FeCl₃ has been studied. FeCl₃ showed a pronounced catalytic effect on the rate of the dehydrochlorination of PVC. Its catalytic activity, however, decreased with increasing reaction time. This catalyst deactivation was attributable to the reduction of FeCl₃ by the polyenes formed in PVC, because the resulting FeCl₂ exhibited a very low catalytic activity for the dehydrochlorination reaction. Two kinds of reaction mechanisms were suggested to account for the reduction of the FeCl₃ catalyst. One was the reaction occurring among FeCl₃, polyenes and water molecule with the evolution of HCl, which was accelerated in the presence of water vapor. The other was electron transfer from polyenes to FeCl₃ without participation of water molecule. These reduction reactions seem to proceed competitively.

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