The mixture of photosynthesis bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, and yeast (EM) were added to gardening soil and manipulated compost system in order to enhance the biodegradation of poly (L-lactic acid) (PLA). In the presence of EM, the degradation was enhanced by 40 % in aerobic composting system at 36°C. It is noted that EM enhanced degradation of crystallite region at 50 °C. However, EM did not enhance the degradation of PLA in gardening soil.

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The SAICAS method was applied for the measurement of the adhesive strength of the thin film with one-micrometer thickness. The film setting by vacuum- staging and the accurate alignment of blade to the film surface were found to be essential for the quantitative estimation of the adhesion force.

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