Cured resin sphere was synthesized from non-food biomass furfuryl alcohol by emulsion polymerization. The average diameter the furfuryl alcohol resin particle (FA) was controlled from 500nm to 800μm. The heat resistance of FA in the air was about 300 degrees and burned off gradually till about 500 degrees. The carbon residue of FA was about 50% and the FA carbon was not easily activated with steam over 1400m²/g surface area. Urine toxin adsorption performance of FA activated carbon was same as that of phenol resin origin activated carbon.

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Bio-mass based curable resins having triethoxysilyl groups (bio-mass based silane terminated resins) were synthesized from castor oil (bio-mass polyol) and 3-isocyanatopropyltriethoxysilane. Dibutyltin dimethoxide (DBTDM) or boron trifluoride-monoethylamine complex (BF₃－MEA) as a curing catalyst was blended with the bio-mass based silane terminated resin and 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane to afford curable compositions. The cured products of the compositions were exposed to water at 80℃. The hydrolytic degradation was evaluated by IR spectroscopy. It was found that the both ester and urethane bonds in the cured compositions using BF₃－MEA were more stable than those using DBTDM even after exporsed to water at 80℃. It was also found that resins cured by DBTDM were more susceptible to hydrolysis than uncured resins. BF₃－MEA exhibited high catalytic activity, and the obtained materials showed almost the same adhering properties as those cured by DBTDM. It was expected that BF₃－MEA can be a promising catalyst for bio-mass based silane terminated resin, and widely applicable to adhesives, sealants, and coatings.

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In order to investigate molecular designs on lignophenols (LP) for network type macromolecules using benzyl structures which are one of the most reactive structures in native lignin, p-cresol grafting on LP with benzyl structures through the phase-separation system (PSS) were carried out. Several LP were allowed to react with formaldehyde, glyoxal (GO) and glutalaldehyde (GA) in 0.1M NaOH solutions at 60℃ for 3h. Both Hinoki cypress (Chamaecyparis obtusa)-LP (p-cresol type, HCLC) and Hinoki cypress-LP (catechol type, HCLCat) were synthesized through PSS (process-II) directly from softwood extractive-free wood meal (60 mesh passed) of Hinoki cypress, respectively. Both hydroxymethylated HCLC (HCLC-HM) and HCLCat-HM were obtained with 94.3％ and 96.0％ yields, respectively. In addition, HCLC-GO and HCLC-GA showed 88.9％ and 101.0％ yields, respectively. These derivatives were absorbed on beaten and dried kraft pulp with Canadian freeness index 100 (3.1 m³g^-1 of BET surface area) as vanishing reaction supports (VRS) in order to keep both surfaces and conditions of PSS reactions. Through PSS with p-cresol (pC) for these derivatives using the VRS, HCLC-HMpC, HCLC-GO-pC, HCLC-GA-pC and HCLCat-HM-pC were obtained with 77.8％, 81.5％, 72.1％ and 77.5％ yields. For these second derivatives, analyses on both structures and properties using FT－IR, ¹H-NMR, TMA and TGA were carried out in order to estimate designs for network macromolecules. The results of these analyses demonstrated that p-cresol moiety was highly introduced to both HCLC-HM-pC and HCLCat-HM-pC. On the contrary, both HCLC-GO and HCLCGA showed only few proofs of network type structures, but some reversible protections on hydroxyl groups with keeping LP structures were observed. As HCLCat-HM-pC showed the largest content of p-cresol by ¹H-NMR, the combination of both Synopsis

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Epoxy resins are network polymers widely used as structural materials and adhesives in many industries. Several modifiers, such as rubbers, fillers, and thermoplastic resins, were investigated to improve the fracture toughness of the cured epoxy resins, as well as the investigation of new chemical structures of epoxy oligomers and curing agents. Recently, block copolymers having self-assembly ability get attracted attention as modifiers for toughening of epoxy resins. In this paper, the self-assembly nano-structures of the epoxy blends and the mechanical properties are reviewed.

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Oxetane ring, four membered cyclic ether, is a analogous compound to oxirane ring, which is well known as Epoxy Resin. Epoxy resins are widely used in variety of applications, such as adhesives, coatings, resists and so on. Oxetane resins have not been, however, applicable to such fields. In this paper, the reactivity of oxetane compounds toward ring opening reactions and polymerizations. The synthesis of oxetane resins, which possessing oxetane moiety as reactive site, are also reviewed.

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