This paper is a commemorative lecture at the International Ninja Society held in Ueda City in 2019, “On the Real Image of Shinobi in the Sengoku period”. Shinobi has a variety of names such as （1） Kusa, Kamari, Suppa, Rappa, and Toppa, and （2）they were placed on the front lines on the battlefield, and have been tasked with guarding the camp at night and night debate. In addition, for nighttime enemy castle infiltration, arson, hijacking, etc., Sengoku Daimyo was expected to make a great contribution in areas other than the battle between regular troops, and（ 3） the origin was mainly from the villain（ outlaw）.（ 4）There were also some people who were mobilized from the village town by Sengoku Daimyo. Shinobi is organized as “Ashigaru” in the army of Sengoku Daimyo, and is mainly used for nighttime battles （night attack, infiltration）, enemy forts, infiltration into the camp, arson, ambush and looting at the front line. I made it clear. that the leason he also pointed out that the reason behind the employment of the Sengoku Daimyo was not only the military demand, but also the security of the territory.

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This paper considers ninja of Kumamoto domain, using historical materials from Hosokawa clan. These historical materials show that they called “Oshinobinoshū”, who was active around 1628. The leader of ninja was Sukeemon YOSHIDA, his name stands first on the lists of “Oshinobinoshū”. The order document of ningu（tools used by ninja） was written by Sukeemon YOSHIDA, that has great value as historical materials of ninja. In this document was recorded name of ningu at that time, there were many tools with the same name in “Bansenshūkai” and “Ninpiden”. And this document show that these ningu made by kajiya（blacksmith）. They reconnoitered and attacked on the Hara-jo castle in the Shimabara War. It deserves special mention that one of them was involved in Shiro AMAKUSAʼs death.

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Hattori Hanzo, a vassal of Tokugawa Ieyasu in history, is known as a representative ninja today. Many authors are making Hattori Hanzo play an active part as a ninja in the work. Ninja who were active in the first ninja boom during the Taisho period were Sarutobi Sasuke and Kirigakure Saizo. Itʼs 1955ʼs that the authors made Hattori Hanzo appear on their creative works. Hanzo was depicted as a ninja in novels, comics and animations, TV dramas, movies and theater works. Thus, the recognition that Hattori Hanzo is a ninja deepened between the people. The work which is important in the process that formed the person image as the ninja of Hattori Hanzo is a full-length novel 〝Ａｋａｉ　Ｋａɡｅｂｏｓʰｉ〟 （1960） of Shibata Renzaburo and a short story 〝ɴｉｎʲａ　ʜａｔｔｏｒｉ　ʜａｎｚｏ〟 （1964） of Yamada Futaro. In his work 〝Ａｋａｉ　Ｋａɡｅｂｏｓʰｉ〟, Shibata Renzaburo portrayed Hattori Hanzo as a central figure who is deeply involved with the protagonist and moves the story. Yamada Futaroʼs work indicates that “Hattori Hanzo” is not a specific person, but a name to be inherited. This work accurately expresses the fact that the name “Hattori Hanzo” is an empty vessel and expands the possibilities of “Ninja Hattori Hanzo” in the creative world. Because of the emptiness of the essence of “Ninja Hattori Hanzo”, the authors were able to create their own image of Hattori Hanzo and add their own creations. This gave birth to a variety of Hattori Hanzo.

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This study compared mental concentration of ninja as known as Okinaga, with brief mindfulness training, and examined the procedure of Okinaga that can be mastered in community adult and specific clinical groups. Okinaga is considered to be a complex mental concentration combining not only breathing but also several attention-focusing skills. Unique procedures included extreme prolonged breathing, silent breathing, attention to the entire body assuming Qi, and the use of visual imagery in unison with the universe. From brief mindfulness training, the instruction of mindfulness such as “when you notice that your mind is wandering in thought and emotion, bring your attention back to breathing and body sensations.’’ and using audio recordings may be applicable. It was suggested that the addition of the instruction of the mental activity of brief indfulness training to Okinaga breathing as a physical manipulation could effectively acquire “Immovable heart”. “Ninja mindfulness” which added the teaching of the mindfulness to Okinaga procedures was examined.

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Dynamic Activities by Sanada Ninja in Sengoku Era （Michiyoshi YAMAGUCHI） An Essay on Sanada-ninja and Koyo-ryu（Daigo IYOKU） Ninshido: The New paradigm of the Order of Shinobi Samurai (Kazuhiro AIZAWA, Kiyomi Vanssa SHIBATA) The Role of Modern Ninja and the Branding of Fuma Party (Hiroshi JINKAWA) Comparison of Okinaga and Breathing-Based Mindfulness Training: a Preliminary Essay about Efficient Breathing Training(Makoto NISHIMURA)

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