Organ Biology
Online ISSN : 2188-0204
Print ISSN : 1340-5152
ISSN-L : 1340-5152
22 巻, 1 号
選択された号の論文の14件中1~14を表示しています
  • 編集委員会
    2015 年 22 巻 1 号 p. 2-4
    発行日: 2015年
    公開日: 2015/09/10
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 学会理事長を拝命して
    近藤 丘
    2015 年 22 巻 1 号 p. 5-6
    発行日: 2015年
    公開日: 2015/09/10
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 竹内 裕紀, 岩本 整, 中村 有紀, 河地 茂行, 島津 元秀, 畝崎 榮, 平野 俊彦
    2015 年 22 巻 1 号 p. 7-22
    発行日: 2015年
    公開日: 2015/09/10
    ジャーナル フリー
    Corticosteroids or steroids are useful drug in clinical renal transplantation because of multiple effects in immunosuppression. There are not a few renal transplant recipients who need steroid therapy, although various new immunosuppressive drugs have developed. However, steroid dosage should be kept as low as possible and preferably withdrawn, because adverse effects of steroids are the most problematical in immunosuppressive drugs. The individual difference of efficacy and adverse effects of steroids depends on pharmacodynamics factor. We have been tried to resolve the dual nature of steroid therapy by steroid sensitivities test using peripheral blood mononuclear cell(PBMC). We clarified significant relationship in steroid sensitivity and clinical outcome, relative immunosuppressive efficacy of steroid, availability of methylprednisolone as immunosuppressive drug, utility for selecting patients who can sustain steroid withdrawal, and pharmacodynamic interaction of calcineurin inhibitors and steroids. We describe here not only results of pharmacodynamic research of steroid sensitivity test, but also comprehensive issues, i. e., history of steroid therapy in renal transplantation, action mechanism of steroid and factor of individual difference of steroid sensitivity, pharmacokinetics of steroid, suppression of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal system and immune system, adverse effects of steroid, and practice toward optimal steroid therapy for individual renal recipients.
  • 佐原 寿史, 松本 慎一, 山田 和彦
    2015 年 22 巻 1 号 p. 23-30
    発行日: 2015年
    公開日: 2015/09/10
    ジャーナル フリー
    shortage of donor organs. Xenotransplantation using pigs as donors offers the possibility of resolving the current crisis in the supply of cadaveric human organs. Although there have been reported severe immunologic response to swine organs, much progress has been made in the past decade largely because of the understanding the xenoimmunobiology of pig-to-nonhuman primate transplantation and the increasing availability of pigs that have undergone genetic modifications such as alpha 1,3-galactosyltransferase gene (GalT-KO swine). The results of preclinical transplantation of pig organs or cells(graft survival: heterotopic heart> 500 days; life-supporting kidney90 days; islets>180 days)have been encouraging when combined with a strategy to induce tolerance or a use of co-stimulatory blockage. In this review, we discuss immunologic barriers to xenotransplantation and recent attempts to overcome them, strategies to induce tolerance across a xenogenic barrier, and progress towards xenotransplantation as a clinical therapy.
  • 福蔦 教偉
    2015 年 22 巻 1 号 p. 31-38
    発行日: 2015年
    公開日: 2015/09/10
    ジャーナル フリー
    roles in increasing organ donation and making procurement procedure smooth. In the present review,current status of In-Hp PTC in Japan and our education program of In-Hp PTC are described. From our nationwide survey of In-Hp PTC, the occupation of the respondents was nurse (66%),physician (18%), or other (16%). Only 2% were full-time In-Hp PTC. Although 77% had attended seminar about organ donation provided by Japan Organ Transplant Network or the prefecture PTC, 93% wanted more professional education. However, it was difficult for them to attend these activities, to manage a rare and sudden donation case, and to find time to learn about organ donation because they had another post. Since May 2012, our Department carried out the Education Program of In-Hp PTC. The topics of lectures are history and current status of organ donation in Japan, the social regulation, care of transplant recipients, overall procedures of organ donation, the role of In-Hp PTC, donor family care, and donor indications, and donor assessment and management. There was also simulation of organ donation process. Many participants are currently working as main In-Hp PTC and establishing their own organ donation system in their hospital.
  • 岩尾 岳洋, 松永 民秀
    2015 年 22 巻 1 号 p. 39-48
    発行日: 2015年
    公開日: 2015/09/10
    ジャーナル フリー
    Liver and small intestine play important roles in the metabolism of orally administrated drugs. A number of drug-metabolizing enzymes and drug transporters are expressed in these tissues and regulate the beneficial and/or adverse effects of drugs by altering drug pharmacokinetics. It is important to evaluate drug toxicology because hepatotoxicity and cardiotoxicity of drugs are fatal adverse effects for patients. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the pharmacokinetics and toxicology of drug candidates at an early stage of drug development. Human induced pluripotent stem(iPS)cells have been expected to have applications in both regenerative medicine and drug development. Many studies have reported the differentiation of human iPS cells into various tissue cells. We have conducted a research on the hepatic and intestinal differentiation of human iPS cells for application in drug development and reported that human iPS cell-derived hepatocytes and enterocytes have pharmacokinetic functions. Here we review the current state of differentiation study and application for drug pharmacokinetics and toxicokinetic study of human iPS derived-hepatocytes, enterocytes, and cardiomyocytes.
  • 三浦 昌朋, 佐藤 滋
    2015 年 22 巻 1 号 p. 49-56
    発行日: 2015年
    公開日: 2015/09/10
    ジャーナル フリー
    Mycophenolic acid(MPA)is mainly glucuronized by uridine diphosphate-glucuronosyltransferases(UGTs)into the phenolic MPA glucuronide(MPAG). MPAG is taken by SLC transporters such as organic anion-transporting polypeptide(OATP/gene SLCO), and is excreted by ABC transporters such as multidrug resistance protein 2(MRP2/gene ABCC2)and MRP3(gene ABCC3). MPAG pharmacokinetics are significantly influenced by SLCO1B1 and SLCO1B3 polymorphisms; however, MPA pharmacokinetics are not influenced by the polymorphisms of UGTs, SLCOs, and ABCCs. Even if transport or UGT activity caused by the mutation is reduced, another transport or metabolic pathway, which is an escape for MPA, may be present, and consequently MPA plasma concentration may not apparently have large changes by these polymorphisms. Dose predictions for renal transplant recipients are usually conducted to yield the total area under the plasma concentration-time curve(AUC0−12)values of MPA between 30 and 60mg・h/mL. Therefore, therapeutic drug monitoring(TDM)of MPA with this target AUC0−12 rather than gene analyses is an important in therapy considering the variability in MPA exposure.
  • 井家 益和, 畠 賢一郎
    2015 年 22 巻 1 号 p. 57-65
    発行日: 2015年
    公開日: 2015/09/10
    ジャーナル フリー
    The various types of cells exist in three-layer structure, i. e., epidermis, dermis and subcutaneous tissue of human skin. Keratinocytes, melanocytes, Langerhans cells and Merkel cells are in the epidermis, fibroblasts, mast cells, histiocyte, plasma cells and dermal dendrocytes in the dermis, and adipocytes in the subcutaneous tissue. The dermal fibroblasts are isolated by outgrowth derived from dermis tissue for primary culture and can be repeatedly passaged with serum-containing medium. The epidermal keratinocytes are obtained from trypsinization of fullthickness skin biopsy. The serum-containing medium with some growth factors and feeder layer of 3T3 cells, so called Greenʼs method, can offer an environment for the preferable proliferation of keratinocytes. The keratinocytes cultured with serum-free medium become differentiated under increased calcium concentration. The melanocytes are easily cultured in the commercial medium without serum. But the melanocytes cultured with keratinocyte by the Greenʼs method can only reconstruct an intercellular function. Cells obtained from human skin are useful tools in various cell therapies.
  • 松野 直徒
    2015 年 22 巻 1 号 p. 66-68
    発行日: 2015年
    公開日: 2015/09/10
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 大段 秀樹
    2015 年 22 巻 1 号 p. 69-70
    発行日: 2015年
    公開日: 2015/09/10
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 河地 茂行
    2015 年 22 巻 1 号 p. 72-74
    発行日: 2015年
    公開日: 2015/09/10
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 「運命の子トリソミー」短命という定めの男の子を授かった家族の物語
    絵野沢 伸
    2015 年 22 巻 1 号 p. 75-76
    発行日: 2015年
    公開日: 2015/09/10
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 学術集会実行委員会
    2015 年 22 巻 1 号 p. 77
    発行日: 2015年
    公開日: 2015/09/10
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 大段 秀樹
    2015 年 22 巻 1 号 p. 102
    発行日: 2015年
    公開日: 2015/09/10
    ジャーナル フリー
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