Proceedings of the Japan Academy, Series B

Reviews

Development of highly potent chiral discrimination methods that solve the problems of the diastereomer method

Hiroshi OHRUI

2007 年 83 巻 5 号 p. 127-135
発行日: 2007年
公開日: 2007/06/20

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2183/pjab.83.127

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The development of highly potent chiral discrimination methods that solve the problems of the diastereomer method, in which it is impossible to discriminate the diastereomers having chiral centers separated by more than four bonds, is described. On the basis of the results obtained, a new hypothesis, Induced Chiral Fields that the achiral reversed phase can provide chiral fields depending on the structures of the eluents, is proposed to explain the significant results of separation of the diastereomers derived from newly developed chiral and fluorescent labeling reagents and optical isomers by reversed-phase HPLC, which was hitherto impossible.

(Communicated by Masanao MATSUI, M.J.A.)

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Interaction between the immune system and bone metabolism: an emerging field of osteoimmunology

Hiroshi TAKAYANAGI

2007 年 83 巻 5 号 p. 136-143
発行日: 2007年
公開日: 2007/06/20

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2183/pjab.83.136

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The interaction between the immune and bone systems has long been appreciated, but recent research into arthritis as well as various bone phenotypes found in immune-related knockout mice has highlighted the importance of the interplay and the interdisciplinary field called osteoimmunology. In rheumatoid arthritis, IL-17-producing helper T cells (T_H17) induces receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL), which stimulates osteoclast differentiation through nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT)c1. Accumulating evidence suggests that the immune and skeletal systems share cytokines, signaling molecules, transcription factors and membrane receptors. In addition, the immune cells are maintained in the bone marrow, which provides a space for mutual interaction. Thus, bone turns out to be a dynamic tissue that is constantly renewed, where the immune system participates to a hitherto unexpected extent. This emerging field of osteoimmunology will be of great importance not only to the better understanding of the two systems but also to the development of new treatment for rheumatic diseases.

(Communicated by Masanori OTSUKA, M.J.A.)

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Original Paper

Super strong nuclear force caused by migrating Kbar mesons
- Revival of the Heitler-London-Heisenberg scheme in kaonic nuclear clusters

Toshimitsu YAMAZAKI, Yoshinori AKAISHI

2007 年 83 巻 5 号 p. 144-150
発行日: 2007年
公開日: 2007/06/20

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2183/pjab.83.144

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We have studied the structure of K^- pp comprehensively by solving this three-body system in a variational method, starting from the Ansatz that the Λ (1405) resonance (≡ Λ^*) is a K^- p bound state. The structure of K^- pp reveals a molecular feature, namely, the K^- in Λ^* as an "atomic center" plays a key role in producing strong covalent bonding with the other proton. We point out that strongly bound Kbar nuclear systems are formed by "super strong" nuclear force due to migrating real bosonic particles Kbar a la Heitler-London-Heisenberg, whereas the normal nuclear force is caused by mediating virtual mesons. We have shown that the elementary process, p + p → K⁺ + Λ^* + p, which occurs in a short impact parameter and with a large momentum transfer, leads to unusually large self-trapping of Λ^* by the involved proton, since the Λ^*-p system exists as a compact doorway state propagating to K^-pp.

(Contributed by Toshimitsu YAMAZAKI, M.J.A.)

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