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Volume 3 (1987)
- Issue 2 Pages 91-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 3, Issue 2
Displaying 1-6 of 6 articles from this issue
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Tetsuro MATSUZAWA1987 Volume 3 Issue 2 Pages 91-102
Published: 1987
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSCognitive development of chimpanzees was directly compared to that of human children in the diagnostic test of “stacking blocks”. Four 4-year-old, one 10-year-old (Ai), and one 27-year-old (Sarah) chimpanzees were served as subjects. The ability of stacking blocks (1 inch cubes) was tested with non-differential reinforcement using social praise in two situations. In the “free stacking” situation, the subjects received a bunch of blocks at once and was asked to use them up to build as many towers as they like. After the subjects received a number of sessions for the “exercise”, they were tested in the “forced stacking” situation, in which the subjects received each block one at a time and was asked to make a high tower. All the chimpanzees constructed the tower of at least 9 blocks. The highest tower made by the chimpanzees had 12 stories. The older two chimpanzees were a little superior to the younger ones on the average. The level of performance matches that of 2-year-old human children. The chimpanzees adjusted the four corners of blocks to make a straight tower and rejected to put one more block “foreseeing” how the tower of blocks turns out. The cognitive aspects found in the stacking behavior were discussed in the framework of the protogrammar of action.View full abstractDownload PDF (2371K) -
Miho INOUE1987 Volume 3 Issue 2 Pages 103-111
Published: 1987
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSoil-eating (geophagy) behaviors of Japanese macaques were observed at Arashiyama Monkey Park, Kyoto. They eat soils about once a day or so and seem to prefer rather young soils to mature or senile soils. The soil samples for chemical analysis were collected from Arashiyama, as well as from Takasakiyama and Kohshima monkey parks. Their pH, electrical conductivity, cation exchange capacity, organic matter, inorganic phosphorus and extractable minerals, i. e. calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium and iron contents were measured. Mineral contents of the soil samples are low and the differences in their values among samples at eating spots and those at non-eating spots in the same monkey park are not detected. Moreover, the differences among monkey parks exceed those between eating and non-eating soil samples.
Japanese macaques often eat soils together with another individuals. In such co-eating episodes, intimate individuals, such as a mother and her infant, or two or more juveniles of the same age often form co-eating party. It is expected that Japanese macaques eat soils at the selected spots because of their co-feeding custom and that the supply of minerals such as calcium, magnesium and sodium is not so seriously important, although the possibility of intake of essential rare minerals is not ruled out.View full abstractDownload PDF (967K) -
Akira YOKOTA, Mitsuru MINEZAWA, Shin NAKAMURA, Tsutomu KANAIZUKA, Shun ...1987 Volume 3 Issue 2 Pages 112-118
Published: 1987
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPollenosis is a IgE-mediated allergic disease which has the symptoms of snivel, sneezing, eye mucus, and/or tear resulting from mucous membrane inflammation of nostrils and/or eye. In Japan, Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) pollenosis is a typical one occurring in spring, and recently the number of its patients is remarkably increasing.
We found the pollenosis in adult-female Japanese monkeys (Macaca fuscata) inhabiting Miyajima Island under free-ranging conditions, who are derived from different female lineages one another. Their sera contained higher level of specific IgE antibody against Japanese cedar pollen than those of normal monkeys. The sera also induced a skin allergic reaction to the pollen upon Prausnitz-Kustner Test using normal healthy monkeys as a recipient. Thus, the current paper is the first report concerning naturally occurring pollenosis in wild non-human primates.View full abstractDownload PDF (703K) -
Mitsuo IWAMOTO1987 Volume 3 Issue 2 Pages 119-126
Published: 1987
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (2755K) -
1987 Volume 3 Issue 2 Pages 127-179
Published: 1987
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2009
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese]1987 Volume 3 Issue 2 Pages 181-183
Published: 1987
Released on J-STAGE: September 07, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (409K)
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