Takeshita carried out a mail-questionnaire survey on the distribution and existing population of Japanese macaques, Macaca fuscata, in 1970. In the survey, the questionnaires were sent to more than one-third of all Japanese local governments (1102 cities, towns and villages in total) where wild monkeys were likely to be found and received replies from 85% of them. These results, however, have been stored for more than half-century without public announcement. All information including the location maps, estimated population sizes and degree of crop raiding where Japanese macaques lived in 1970 are presented.