This study investigated the features of friendship-recognition of children with developmental difficulties, including High-functioning autism, ADHD. Twenty eight children and their mothers participating a psychotherapeutic small group program for children with developmental difficulties at the center in an university were requested to score the Friendship-Scale for Children with Developmental Difficulties. This score was analyzed in terms of relation to the scores of Child Behavior Checklist and WISC-Ⅲ, and of the difference of recognition between children and mothers. Factor Analysis revealed that children's recognition of friendship could be explained by three kinds of factors, those are "mutual acceptance", "cooperative activity", and "conversation". Differences of recognition between children and mothers were found that children could conceive the situation of own friendship more realistically than mothers. Although children's friendship recognition was completely different depending on the scores of CBCL, no differences were found depending on the score of WISC-Ⅲ. The necessity of individualized supporting program for children with developmental difficulties, which can access to the features of difficulties of each child, were discussed.

Handedness and footedness of autistic children and children with cerebral palsy were examined for unilateral activities using a time-sampling procedure over a period of three months. Side-bias questionnaire was utilized to choose the activities for performance by these children. Children with autism exhibited an anomalous dominance or side bias while children with cerebral palsy showed a leftward bias for hand and foot.

For the Spirit of God has made me, and the breath of the Almighty gives me life. Job 33:4 The paper discusses the applicability and benefits of Dohsa-hou to the rehabilitation of hydrocephalia. It summarizes the results of a weeklong summer Dohsa-hou camp work with a six-year-old boy suffering from this disease since the age of five months. The positive outcome of the therapy includes richer facial expression, increased strength of hips, legs, and waist, and consequently, longer time in ritsui position as compared to the Dohsa-hou sessions the boy had before the camp. The paper also contributes to broadening of yet scarce English-language literature on Dohsa-hou and points to the abstract concept underlying this authentic Japanese psychological approach.

This study reports on the effectiveness of dohsa-hou for long period dialysis patients suffering from blood vessel pain and stiffness in the shoulders. The evaluation of pain score (VAS) and self-care ability before and after the dohsa-hou session was measured, and the effect of dohsa-hou for pain management was discussed. The recipients were seven dialysis out-patients (all women), and informed consent was gained for this study. The research period was three weeks. All six sessions of dohsa-hou were carried out twice a week by two medical staff. A follow-up interview was done after all sessions. As a result, the pain scores of the patients’ stiffness in the shoulders were significantly reduced after the dohsa-hou sessions, and the number of patients who reported doing self-care for pain management at the sixth session increased significantly more than the first session. In conclusion, the application of dohsa-hou for pain management for long period dialysis patients suffering from stiffness in the shoulders was effective as a pain management method to reduce their pain as well as apparently increasing the activation of self-care ability.