This paper presents a formula how to estimate numerically the elastic settlement of a pile in ground subject to static loads, assuming that the pile and the soil are the elastic materials and that the settlement of pile head consists of both the pile deformation itself and the settlement of soil beneath the pile base. The solution was required in order that the skin friction and the stresses in the soil around the pile should fulfill the conditions of equilibrium and of boundary in the ground of half space.

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A theoretical as well as an experimental study was made on compaction characteristics of sandy soils, from which a formula has been introduced which makes it possible to estimate the degree of compaction of such soils. As to cohesionless or less cohesive soils such as sandy soils, their compaction is considered to be governed mainly by the configuration of grains or the conditions of void space, and it has been made clear that it is very convenient to adopt such a term as expresses the soil resistance against its compaction.A theoretical study of a formula based on data of standard compaction test has come to the conclusion that soil resistance against compaction depends on its relative density under consideration, provided the other soil conditions remain constant.The formula has been proved well applicable to estimation of the degree of compaction of sandy soils not only in tamping compaction, but also in compaction by rolling and by vibration.

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